11个主栽品种香菇可溶性糖和有机酸测定及滋味品质评价

Determination of Soluble Sugar and Organic Acid Components and Evaluation of Taste Quality of 11 Main Cultivars of Lentinula edodes

本研究采用离子色谱法和高相液相色谱法分别对11个主要栽培品种的香菇子实体中可溶性糖和有机酸组分进行定量分析,并结合聚类分析和因子分析对其滋味品质进行评价。分析结果显示11个品种香菇子实体中可溶性糖中可检测到甘露醇、海藻糖、阿拉伯糖醇和葡萄糖4种,以甘露醇和海藻糖为主,品种241-4、L9015和L135含量较高;有机酸以琥珀酸和苹果酸为主,241-4含量最高。滋味品质评价基于上述结果和前期研究中的各品种等鲜浓度值(EUC)数据,聚类结果得到两类,分别是申香8号、申香10号、武香1号、J868、Cr04、939和庆科20为A类,EUC、柠檬酸、酒石酸、乙酸和甘露醇贡献突出;L808、241-1、L9015和L135为B类,富马酸、苹果酸、海藻糖和琥珀酸贡献突出;因子分析(Factor analysis method)得到3个隐性因子,有机酸高感受因子、有机酸中等感受因子和甜味因子,综合评价结果显示B类排序相对靠前,有机酸高感受因子贡献较大,存在不易接收风险;而A类排序靠后,属于滋味易接收区,且EUC鲜味指标较高。

In this study, the soluble sugar and organic acid components of 11 main cultivars of Lentinus edodes were determined and analyzed by ion chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, and then the taste quality was evaluated by cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that four kinds of soluble sugar, mannitol,trehalose, arabinose and glucose, in which mannitol and trehalose were main. The total contents of 241-4, L9015 and L135were relatively high. The organic acids were mainly succinic acid and malic acid, and the total contents of 241-4 were highest in the cultivars. The taste evaluation was based on the above results and EUC data of previous research. According to the clustering analysis, Shenxiang-8, Shenxiang-10, Wuxiang-1, J868, Cr04, 939 and Qingke-20 were classified as class A, in which EUC, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid and mannitol contributed significantly;L808, 241-1, L9015 and L135were classified as class B, in which fumaric acid, malic acid, trehalose and succinic acid have made outstanding contributions. And the factor analysis was used to obtain three recessive factors, et al, high sensitivity factor of organic acid,medium sensitivity factor of organic acid and sweetness factor. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that class B was relatively high in the ranking, and the contribution of high sensitivity factor of organic acid was relatively large, which was not easy to receive;while class A was relatively low in the ranking, which was easy to receive, and EUC fresh index was relatively high.