三萜皂苷抗肥胖及其作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress of Triterpene Saponins Against Obesity and Their Action Mechanism

肥胖,作为一种全球性的健康问题,不仅影响个体的工作、生活、美观,而且对健康具有明显的危害性,其高发率也增加了国家和社会的经济负担。近年来,减肥药物的潜在安全风险日益受到关注,安全有效的天然来源产品作为新的减肥手段逐渐成为新的研发热点。三萜皂苷是一种天然来源的具有多种生理功能的生物活性物质。在本文中,主要讨论了三萜皂苷对肥胖的抑制作用及其潜在的作用机制,综述了近年来国内外关于三萜皂苷在抑制消化酶活性、调节食欲、调节脂质代谢能量消耗以及调节肠道微生物菌群四个方面的研究进展,总结分析了不同三萜皂苷组分在抑制肥胖研究中的效果差异,并展望了三萜皂苷在相关营养保健产品中潜在的应用前景。

Obesity is a global health issue which affects individuals’ day-to-day activities, working life and appearance, and poses significant risks to health. High incidence of obesity also imposes social and economic burdens on countries. Potential safety risks associated with weight-loss drugs have attracted increasing attention in recent years. New naturally-sourced products with safe and effective weight-loss properties have gradually become a focus of research. Triterpenoid saponins are bioactive substances with many physiological functions. This review summarizes and discusses the inhibitory effects and potential mechanisms of various triterpenoid saponins on obesity and reviews the recent progress of research into triterpenoid inhibition of digestive enzyme activity, regulation of appetite, energy consumption in lipid metabolism, and intestinal microflora. Potential applications of triterpenoid saponins in nutritional and healthcare products are explored.