维生素D_(3)对黄羽肉种鸡生殖性状及其后代肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育、胫骨性状和肉品质的影响

Effects of Vitamin D_(3) on Reproductive Traits of Yellow-Feathered Broiler Breeders and Growth Performance,Immune Organ Development,Tibia Characteristics and Meat Quality of Offspring Broilers

本试验旨在研究维生素D_(3)对黄羽肉种鸡生殖性状及其后代肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育、胫骨性状和肉品质的作用。选用720只岭南黄羽肉种母鸡(快大型,46周龄),根据体重和产蛋率一致原则随机分为6个组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、800、1600、2400、3200和4000 IU/kg维生素D_(3)的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡;试验期8周。雏鸡出生后,根据体重一致原则每组选取120只后代肉鸡开展饲养试验,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(公母各占1/2);后代肉鸡饲喂添加1000 IU/kg维生素D_(3)的饲粮,试验期63 d。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响黄羽肉种鸡的输卵管长度、输卵管和卵巢基质相对重量(P<0.05),且分别呈二次、线性和二次以及线性变化(P<0.05)。2)种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响后代肉鸡1~21日龄的末重、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.05),且均呈二次变化(P<0.05);但对后代肉鸡22~42日龄和43~63日龄生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平对后代肉鸡21和63日龄腿肌和胸肌相对重量无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响后代肉鸡1日龄肝脏、脾脏相对重量以及21日龄胸腺相对重量(P<0.05),且均呈二次变化(P<0.05)。4)种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响后代肉鸡1日龄胫骨长度和围度(P<0.05),且分别呈二次和线性变化(P<0.05);显著影响21日龄胫骨重量、长度、围度和粗灰分含量(P<0.05),且均呈线性和二次变化(P<0.05);但对63日龄胫骨性状无显著影响(P>0.05)。5)种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响后代肉鸡63日龄宰后24 h胸肌肉色亮度(L*)和黄度(b*)值以及pH(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,种鸡饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平显著影响黄羽肉种鸡生殖性状以及后代肉鸡的生长性能(生长初期)、免疫器官发育、胫骨性状和肉品质。综合试验观测与回归分析,种鸡饲粮添加1600~2000 IU/kg维生素D_(3)即可获得较优的后代肉鸡生长性能,但若要获得黄羽肉种鸡最优生殖性状,饲粮维生素D_(3)添加水平需为2600~3800 IU/kg。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin D_(3) on reproductive traits of yellow-feathered broiler breeders and the growth performance,immune organ development,tibia characteristics and meat quality of offspring broilers.A total of 720 Lingnan yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens(46 weeks of age)were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 hens per replicate according to the similar body weight and laying rate,and the hens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0,800,1600,2400,3200 and 4000 IU/kg vitamin D_(3),respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.After chicks were born,120 offspring broilers were selected from each group according to the principle of consistent body weight for feeding experiment,with 6 replicates in each group and 20 broilers(half male and half female)in each replicate.Offspring broilers were fed the diet supplemented with 1000 IU/kg vitamin D_(3),and the experiment lasted for 63 days.The results showed as follows:1)dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level significantly affected the oviduct length and relative weight of oviduct and ovarian stroma of yellow-feathered broiler breeders(P<0.05),and the changes were quadratic,linear and quadratic,and linear(P<0.05),respectively.2)Dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level for breeders significantly affected the final weight,average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of offspring broilers from 1 to 21 days of age(P<0.05),and all had quadratic changes(P<0.05);but it had no significant effects on the growth performance of offspring broilers from 22 to 42 days and 43 to 63 days of age(P>0.05).Dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level for breeders had no significant effects on the relative weight of thigh muscle and breast muscle of offspring broilers at 21 and 63 days of age(P>0.05).3)Dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level for breeders significantly affected the relative weight of liver and spleen of offspring broilers at 1 day of age and the thymus relative weight at 21 days of age(P<0.05),and all showed quadratic changes(P<0.05).4)Dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level for breeders significantly affected the tibia length and perimeter of offspring broilers at 1 day of age(P<0.05),and the changes were quadratic and linear,respectively(P<0.05);significantly affected the weight,length,perimeter and ash content of tibia at 21 days of age(P<0.05),and all were with linear and quadratic changes(P<0.05);but had no significant effects on tibia characteristics at 63 days of age(P>0.05).5)Dietary vitamin D_(3) supplemental level for breeders significantly affected the color brightness(L*)and yellowness(b*)values and pH in breast muscle at 24 h postmortem of offspring broilers at 63 days of age(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary vitamin D_(3) supplementa1 level significantly affects the reproductive traits of yellow-feathered broiler breeders and the growth performance(the starter phase),immune organ development,tibia characteristics and meat quality of offspring broilers under the conditions of this experiment.Based on experimental observation and regression analysis,1600 to 2000 IU/kg vitamin D_(3) supplementation for breeders can achieve better growth performance of offspring broilers,but 2600 to 3800 IU/kg vitamin D_(3) supplemental level is needed for optimal reproductive traits of yellow-feathered broiler breeders.