湖羊与卡拉库尔羊瘤胃菌群结构差异性比较分析

Comparison and Analysis of Rumen Microflora Structure Difference between Hu Sheep and Karakul Sheep

本试验旨在利用高通量测序方法研究饲喂相同饲粮条件下湖羊与卡拉库尔羊瘤胃菌群结构的差异性。选取体重[(35±2)kg]相近的健康卡拉库尔羊和湖羊各6只,饲喂相同饲粮,预试期为30 d,正试期3 d,于正试期的第1~3天通过口腔采集瘤胃液,应用PacBio测序技术对细菌16S rRNA基因进行高通量测序。结果显示:1)卡拉库尔羊瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度极显著高于湖羊(P<0.01)。2)湖羊与卡拉库尔羊的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。湖羊厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于卡拉库尔羊(P<0.05),拟杆菌门的相对丰度极显著低于卡拉库尔羊(P<0.01)。湖羊的优势菌属为奎恩氏菌属、丁酸弧菌属和克里斯滕森菌科_R-7_群,卡拉库尔羊的优势菌属为普雷沃氏菌属_1、克里斯滕森菌科_R-7_群和奎恩氏菌属。湖羊奎恩氏菌属的相对丰度极显著高于卡拉库尔羊(P<0.01),丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度显著高于卡拉库尔羊(P<0.05);而卡拉库尔羊克里斯滕森菌科_R-7_群和普雷沃氏菌属_1的相对丰度极显著高于湖羊(P<0.01)。3)湖羊在传染病(细菌)、免疫疾病、能量代谢以及折叠、分类和降解等生物代谢通路的富集高于卡拉库尔羊;而卡拉库尔羊在核苷酸代谢、复制和修复、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、膜运输等生物代谢通路的富集高于湖羊。由此可见,湖羊卡与拉库尔羊的瘤胃菌群结构具有相似性,但在一些特异性菌属的相对丰度及生物代谢通路的富集上存在一定差异,这可能是卡拉库尔羊较湖羊对高粗饲料饲粮有更好适应性的原因之一。

The purpose of this experiment was to use high-throughput sequencing method to study the differences in the structure of rumen microflora of Hu sheep and Karakul sheep fed the same diet.In the experiment,six healthy Karakul sheep and six Hu sheep with similar body weight[(35±2)kg]were selected and fed with the same diet.The experimental pre-feeding period was 30 d,and the formal feeding period was 3 d.The rumen fluid was collected from the oral cavity during the days 1 to 3 of the formal feeding period,and the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria was sequenced and analyzed by high-throughput using PacBio sequencing technology.The results showed as follows:1)the diversity and richness of rumen microflora in Karakul sheep were significantly higher than those in Hu sheep(P<0.01).2)The dominant bacteria phyla of Hu sheep and Karakul sheep were Firmicutes and Bacteroides.The relative abundance of Firmicutes in Hu sheep was significantly higher than that in Karakul sheep(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Bacteroides was significantly lower than that in Karakul sheep(P<0.01).The dominant genera of Hu sheep were Quinnella,Butyrivibrio and Christensenaceae_R-7_group,and the dominant genus of Karakul sheep were Prevotella_1,Christensenaceae_R-7_group and Quinnella.The relative abundance of Quinnella in Hu sheep was significantly higher than that in Karakul sheep(P<0.01),and the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio was significantly higher than that in Karakul sheep(P<0.05);the relative abundances of Christensenaceae_R-7_group and Prevotella_1 in Karakul sheep were significantly higher than those in Hu sheep(P<0.01).The enrichments of biological metabolism pathways such as infectious diseases:bacterial,immune diseases,energy metabolism,folding,sorting and degradation in Hu sheep were higher than those in Karakul sheep,while the enrichments of biological metabolism pathways such as nucleotide metabolism,replication and repair,amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport in Karakul sheep were higher than that in Hu sheep.It is included that the rumen microflora structure of Hu sheep and Karakul sheep is similar,but there are some differences in the relative abundances of specific genera and the enrichments of some biological metabolism pathways.That may be one of the reasons for the better adaptability to high roughage diet of Karakul sheep.