1928年京津易帜与国民党人的北京论述

The Change of Political Power in 1928 and the Kuomintang’s Discussion on Beijing

早在清末,以孙中山为代表的一批早期国民党人初步形成了一套有关国都北京的论述,并在之后的一段时期内支配了国民党方面对北京的基本认知。1928年6月,京津易帜,北京纳入南京国民政府的行政版图,“国都”地位不再,南京成为新都。国民党人继续沿用了先前的话语策略,大力抨击北京作为帝制余孽、官僚巢穴、腐败温床的身份与标签,并建立起“国都”与“国运”的逻辑关联,北京被定义为“中华民族衰落的中心场”,南京则是“近代中华民族复兴的纪念地”。国民党人形成的这套北京论述既是一种主观认知,也是一种主动建构,背后具有鲜明的政治意旨。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,a group of early Kuomintang members represented by Sun Yat-sen initially formed a set of discourses about the capital of Beijing,and in the following period dominated the Kuomintang’s basic cognition of Beijing.In June 1928,Beijing was included in the administrative territory of the Nanjing National Government and Nanjing became the new capital.The Kuomintang members continued to use their previous discourse strategy,vigorously criticizing Beijing’s identity and label as a monarchy remnant,Bureaucratic lair,and a hotbed of corruption,and established a logical connection between national capital and national destiny.Beijing was defined as the decline of the Chinese nation,Nanjing was considered the starting point for the rise of the Chinese nation.Beijing discourse formed by the Kuomintang is not only a subjective cognition,but also an active construction,with a clear political meaning behind it.