叙事与空间——南粤古驿道遗产网络构建研究

Narrative and Space:Reconstruction of South China Historical Trail Heritage Network

南粤古驿道是不同历史时期岭南地区内外交流联系的通道,可称作是人口迁徙的走廊、商品交换的渠道以及文明文化传播的古道。针对以往古驿道研究中侧重空间而忽视叙事的局限性,引入叙事空间结构分析方法,基于南粤古驿道承载的邮驿往来、军事战争、商业贸易、宦游羁旅等四大主体功能,对南粤古驿道进行整体性、系统性的叙事空间研究,以期构建较为完整的遗产廊道网络叙事空间结构。研究表明,四大功能性叙事点均依托于廊道,其空间结构以广州为主要核心,粤西雷州、阳江以及粤东潮州为次核心,形成了以水路为主,陆路为辅的网络系统;驿道由最初的军事功能为主转移到以经济功能为主,经历了与中原内部交流到与沿海区域交流、再到通过海上丝绸之路走向世界的发展历程,成为岭南地区历史发展过程的缩影。叙事空间结构分析方法能够深入挖掘遗产廊道中的历史特色及文化内涵,促进对于驿道的整体认知,分析结果对南粤古驿道遗产廊道网络的构建与保护具有一定的指导意义,也可为其他学者开展类似遗产廊道的研究提供借鉴。

Nanyue Ancient Path is the communication route between Lingnan and foreign regions,and has existed across periods throughout history.It is also known as the population migration corridor,the commodity exchange route and an ancient path making possible cultural exchange between civilizations.Considering the limitations in previous studies in this research area and ignoring narration,the current study introduces the narrative-space structural analytical method and views the Nanyue Ancient Path as a narrative that can be used to reveal its cultural connotations and characteristics.This was made possible through the collection and review of events that have occurred on the Path.Moreover,connections were also made between linear characteristics of buildings and cultural heritage were established.Specifically,the narrative space of the heritage network inherent in the Path was analyzed.As narrative subjects,four major functions of the Nanyue Ancient Path were chosen:its enabling letter communication,military wars,trade and functioning as an official route.Through a review of many ancient texts and maps,and of many modern texts,the spatial distribution pattern of post office facilities,military facilities,salt works,kilns and official traveling destinations throughout history was plotted along the Path.Furthermore,a path map that corresponded to different functions and a nucleus density map were developed.The historical development of the Path,the temporal-spatial characteristics of its structure,as well as its functional development and transition were analyzed.This was performed with the aim to build a complete narrative space structure of the heritage corridor.The findings of the current study revealed that the functional narrative points for letter communication,military wars,trade and official traveling all depended on corridors.Specifically,these points depend on each other and are inseparable.Currently,the narrative space structure of the entire path network can be reproduced from the perspective of functionality.The major space distribution of narrative elements is a space structure that is centered at Guangzhou,with Leizhou and Yangzhou in West Guangzhou as well as Chaozhou in East Guangzhou as representative of secondary keys.The remaining cities were found to be distributed along the major water systems of the Pearl River,such as the Xijiang River,Dongjiang River,Beijiang River and Hanjiang River.A network system dominated by watercourses and assisted by land routes was developed.The path network with the relevant watercourses and land routes was used to form the space pattern of the general Nanyue Ancient Path narrative.The major functions and spaces of the Path develop alongside each other,and this development is closely related to economic and social development.Nanyue Ancient Path was constructed in the Qin and Han dynasties mainly for military purposes,and it opened watercourses and a land route to Lingnan.In the Tang and Song dynasties,the trade functions of the Path were strengthened,while the economic functions gradually exceeded its military functions—the trunk systems then formed gradually.Around the time of the Ming Dynasty,the branch systems were of good quality and the Path drastically matured.The section of the Path close to sea areas was found to play a more important military role compared with that in history.Hence,a military pattern in the coastal region of Guangdong Province was formed.It was revealed from a kernel density analysis that the subject transfer of the narrative space of the Path experienced a migration from land in Northwest Guangdong to coastal areas in the central,southern and southeast regions of Guangdong.This also reflects the development of four functional bodies,from the initial internal communication within central China to the external communication occurring with coastal areas,then to the maritime Silk Road and then to the rest of the world.This represents a peak in the historical development of the Lingnan region.The narrative-space structural analytical method can be used to explore in-depth the historical characteristics and cultural connotations of the heritage corridor and to promote overall understanding on the Path.The findings of this study not only provide some guidance around the construction and protection of the heritage corridor network the Nanyue Ancient Path but also offer a reference point for other scholars to continue research on heritage corridors.