城镇建筑风貌的互联网认知与评论差异——以华为欧洲小镇为例

Internet Cognition and Critiques of Urban Architectural Styles: A Case Study on Huawei European Town, Dongguan

建筑评论在互联网泛在影响下正成为市民社会的重要文化现象,促进了城镇建筑风貌营造的社会普及,但偏离于专业认知的大众审美有可能导致专家共同体知识话语的相对式微。以华为欧洲小镇为实证,运用网络文本分析法对多源网络文本进行研究,揭示专家和公众在互联网语境下对建筑风貌的认知与评论差异。研究发现,移动互联网的深入应用提高了建筑风貌认知与评论的公众参与程度,并使得公众多元化的价值判断得以凸显;专家更加关注建筑设计阶段的方法模式与文化内涵,且与公众存在显著性的褒贬差异。文章提出,建筑风貌管理应重视不同群体的作用,厘清互联网环境下公众参与的运行界域,提高城镇建筑风貌的专业管理能力。

With the pervasive influence of the Internet, architectural criticism is becoming an important cultural phenomenon in civil society, where it promotes the social popularization of creating urban architectural styles. However, the architectural style understanding and criticism system is closely related to interests of involved parties and aesthetic appreciation. The aesthetic preferences of the public, which deviate from professional cognition, may lead to a relative weaker discourse of the public than experts. In the current study, an investigation of Huawei European Town was conducted. A total of 142 comments on Zhulong.com and 2819 comments from Tou Tiao.com were collected, followed by an analysis of multi-network comment data to investigate the differences between subjects’ cognition and comments. The findings of the study provide support for decisionmaking in the management of urban architectural styles. Based on the network comment data, a case study of Huawei European Town was conducted using the network text analysis method, through which the emotional differences in network comments between experts and the public were determined following emotional analysis. Moreover, the high-frequency terms used in information on urban architectural styles and coexistence relationship between them were analyzed. On this basis, the question of how differences in professional degree influence emotional attitudes of experts and the public was addressed and the following was found: differences in perspective and criticism methods were found and should be explored. Experts in the building field were found to pay closer attention to the early stages of design in the construction process, and furthermore, had a tendency to make comments on construction methods, idea creation and the factors that influence the creation process. Conversely, the public were found to focus more on the late service stage and preferred to make comments on building location, service evaluation and space activity. Differences in criticism methods were also found. Experts’ criticism method tended to be based on evidence, and they tended to provide in-depth comments on the various topics in which they have an interest. The public preferred direct and brief expression of their own opinions, and they were found to be easily affected by others’ perspectives. The current study recommends the establishment of an appropriate evaluation system based on a multi-dimensional value-standard framework and the formulation of feasible guidelines regarding urban architectural styles. This should be based on the social background of multiple groups as well as the spatial context, where the aim is to form a general consensus on the management of urban architectural styles. Meanwhile, greater attention should be paid to the roles different groups play in the building style process, particularly in terms of its control. The management of urban architectural styles should be harnessed to establish an effective and enforceable expert review mechanism in the approval stage of the land scheme of a project, make full use of the expertise of professionals in the field in the early stages of the entire construction process. Members of the public constitute the main users of the built environment and their concerns and comments in the late stage of construction should be considered in terms of the social influence of the built project. The public’s network comments can be used as elements for early diversified decision-making in architectural planning. It is recommended that public opinion be fully listened to during regular city examinations through big data acquisition and analysis, and that feedback is gathered toward achieving plan approval in the early stages of construction. Finally, although collecting and analyzing different subjects’ cognitions and evaluations of architectural styles via methods such as the acquisition of big data, which will enable public opinions to be heard, can bring large-scale and diversified information processing to large-scale government management. Hence, city managers should standardize channels and programs to enable public participation in Internet media, build digital information platforms for cities that are driven by information and communication technology. Such technology should be based on the determination of boundaries for public participation in operations, perfect big data acquisition and public opinion analysis technology. It should also be used to form effective expert reviews and the third-party inspection systems, as well as be incorporated into IT governance mechanisms existent in smart cities.