农业结构转型对乡村景观与居民满意度的影响——以重庆九岭村为例

Influence of Agricultural Structure Transformation on Village Landscape and Residents Satisfaction:A Case Study of Jiuling Village in Chongqing

研究农业结构转型对山地乡村景观与居民生活满意度的影响,对促进山地欠发达地区乡村转型发展、乡村景观改善及居民生活质量提升具有重要意义。以重庆开州区九岭村为例,通过GIS遥感、野外实地填图和半结构访谈等方法分析九岭村农业结构调整状况,以及由此带来的乡村景观变化和居民生活满意度提升。结果显示:1)九岭村农业结构调整向规模化、专业化和非粮化的“增效提质”转型方向发展,农业结构调整沿着更加契合山地自然条件的方向优化,具有明显的垂直分布层级规律;2)乡村景观变化具有显著的空间多级分化特征,平坡较低、缓坡低和中坡中地形位区域的景观多样性指数(LDI)、景观破碎度指数(FI)、最大斑块指数(LPI)和景观聚集度指数(AI)得到较大改善,斜坡较高和陡坡高地形位区域的LDI、FI和AI变化幅度最低;3)农业纯收入、乡村旅游收入占比、村交通设施条件以及人均实际耕地面积是影响居民生活满意度的显著性要素;4)研究构建的“农产品非粮化的增效提质需求推动农业结构调整-农用地利用方式转变-乡村景观的多功能再造-乡村居民生活质量提升”的分析路径能够有效揭示农业结构调整、乡村景观变化和居民生活满意度的三位一体耦合关系。

Background and objective:Agricultural restructuring in rural areas can lead to the reconstruction of the rural landscape and rural economic society.Rural agricultural structures,landscape characteristics and functions are transforming,from production space to consumption space,and from the landscape of the countryside to a post-countryside landscape.Many suburbs and villages advantaged in terms of land and environmental resources have begun to resort to agricultural restructuring and choosing different agricultural types to promote changes in the rural landscape,increase economic income and improve the environmental quality of settlements,all of which promotes life satisfaction among settlement residents.Hence,investigating the factors that influence the agricultural restructuring of landscapes and the life satisfaction of residents who live in mountain villages is important toward promoting rural transformation development,improving rural landscapes,and increasing the quality of life of the residents who live in these underdeveloped areas.Method:A case study of Jiuling Village,an area transforming from traditional cereal crops to the forest and fruit economy,and also to rural tourism,was examined in the current study.Based on first-hand real-time data on planning,the agricultural restructuring status in underdeveloped mountain villages,and the corresponding changes to the rural landscape and residents’life satisfaction was examined through the use of GIS remote sensing,field-map plotting and semi-structured interviews conducted in the field.Conclusions:First,the agricultural structure in Jiuling Village underwent an obvious adjustment from 2012 to 2018.It was developing toward scaled and professional nongrain structures,with improvement of efficiency and quality.Influenced by landform conditions such as altitude and slope,agricultural restructuring was found to be closely related to landform changes and abandonment of farmland locally was also revealed.This was accompanied by evident vertical hierarchical distributions.This indicates that the agricultural restructuring and layout in Jiuling Village were optimized to conform to the natural conditions in mountainous areas.On one hand,the agricultural restructuring and transformation of land-use patterns promotes the professional and scaled modern agricultural transformation centered on farmer households and individual contracts.On the other hand,it achieves agricultural transformation to scaled and professional nongrain structures with improvement in efficiency and quality.Second,rural landscape changes involve significant spatial multilevel differentiation characteristics.In regions with flat landforms,low gentle slopes and middle slopes,the use of the land diversity index(LDI),landscape fragmentation index(FI),largest plaque index(LPI)and landscape aggregation index(AI)has significantly been improved,while LDI,FI and AI in highland regions,with strong inclines and steep slope changes,were found to have improved the least.Rural landscape indexes for Jiuling Village following agricultural restructuring have generally been improved.In the process from grain planting to forest,fruit and traditional Chinese medicine planting,LDI,LPI and AI were found to have increased,while FI decreased.Such agricultural restructuring has influenced the landscapes in regions that predominantly have flat landforms,low gentle slopes and middle slopes.Third,the proportion of net agricultural income and rural tourism income,traffic facilities in villages and actual farmland area per capita were found to be significant factors that impact residents’life satisfaction.Fourth,the influencing mechanism underpinning agricultural restructuring on efficiency and quality improvement can be revealed effectively by many ways,including the established analysis path represented by agricultural restructuring driven by the efficiency and quality improvement of non-grain products,the transformation of farmland-use patterns,the multi-functional reconstruction of rural landscapes,and improvement in living quality of rural residents.In other words,the demands of rural transformation oriented by improvement to the efficiency and quality of agricultural products can facilitate rural agricultural restructuring,thus forcing changes to farmland use toward scaled and professional use patterns and causing the multifunctional restructuring of rural landscapes.Finally,it was found that residents’life satisfaction of building conditions could be improved.