脉络膜在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的研究进展

Research advances in the role of choroid in the age-related macular degeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是一种与多因素相关、能引起中心视力丧失的致盲性眼病,目前尚无逆转AMD的方法。AMD发病机制复杂,是眼科领域研究的热点。其中,脉络膜通过脉络膜毛细血管层向视网膜色素上皮(RPE)和视网膜提供氧气、营养物质并清除代谢产物,在AMD的发病机制中发挥着关键作用。由于脉络膜组织解剖位置较深,人们对脉络膜在AMD发病机制中的认识有限。因此,本文就AMD脉络膜的组织病理、基因表达、炎症、血流改变作一综述,有利于AMD脉络膜特征的识别,并进一步拓展临床诊疗思路。

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) is a blinding eye disease associated with multiple factors that can cause central light loss. At present, there is no method to reverse AMD. The pathogenesis of AMD is complex, which is a research hotspot. The choroid provides oxygen and nutrients for the retinal pigment epithelium and retina through the choroidal capillary layer and removes metabolic wastes, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Due to the deep anatomical position of choroidal tissues, people’s understanding of choroid in the pathogenesis of AMD is limited. Thus, this paper reviews the changes in the choroidal histopathology, gene expression, inflammation, and blood flow in AMD, which is helpful to identify the choroidal features of AMD and develop new therapies for the prevention of AMD.