巨噬细胞极化在眼科疾病发生发展过程中的作用机制研究进展

Research advances in the role of macrophage polarization in the occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases

巨噬细胞是单核吞噬细胞系统的主要细胞群,充当先天性免疫和适应性免疫的哨兵。在微环境信号作用下,巨噬细胞可被不同的激活物极化为不同功能的M1型、M2型巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞极化既可以发生在生理条件下,也可以发生在病理条件下,并贯穿疾病发生、发展以及转归的全过程。很多眼科疾病的病理过程都和巨噬细胞极化密切相关,巨噬细胞极化及炎症因子介导的免疫反应是眼病发生的重要机制。本文简要综述了巨噬细胞的不同极化表型以及调节巨噬细胞极化平衡为治疗靶点在年龄相关性黄斑变性、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、视网膜病变、干燥综合征以及角膜炎等眼科疾病中发挥的作用。

Macrophages are the main cell group in the mononuclear phagocyte system. They serve as sentinels for innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Under the effect of microenvironment signals, macrophages can be polarized to M1 or M2 type macrophages with different functions by different activators. Macrophage polarization occurs not only under physiological conditions but also under pathological conditions throughout the entire process of disease occurrence, development, and prognosis. Many pathological processes of eye diseases are closely related to macrophage polarization. The immune response mediated by macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokine is important in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. This article mainly reviews the different polarization phenotypes of macrophages and the role of regulating the macrophage polarization in the treatment of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, Sjogren’s syndrome, and ceratitis.