特大突发公共卫生事件中媒体应急反应能力表现及评估--以新冠肺炎疫情中的媒体应对为例

Performance and Evaluation of Media Emergency Response Capability in Major Public Health Emergencies:A Case Study of the Media Response in the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic

媒体应急反应能力,是传媒组织及其人员在面对特大突发事件时,按照既定应急预案迅速采取一系列有效行动,以应对传媒运行危机的能力,以应急速度、应急效度、应急经营为主要评估指标。在突发公共事件频发的背景下,能否应对新的挑战,抓住发展机遇,媒体应急反应能力显得尤为重要。2019年底,新冠肺炎特大疫情突发而至,作为时代记录者的媒体紧急应对,在应急反应方面的主要表现是:传统主流媒体凸显应急效度,机构媒体应急速度与应急效度并重,自媒体应急反应多元占优,平台媒体专注应急效度和应急经营。主要不足是:应急准备不足、伦理问题突出、国际报道不够、经营展现短板。对此,要强化风险意识,培养媒体应急人才,专设媒体内部应急机构;同时,建立媒体应急管理制度体系,并抓住媒体经营新机遇。

Media emergency response capability is the ability of media organizations and their personnel to quickly take a series of effective actions in accordance with established emergency plans to deal with media operational crisis in the face of major emergencies,with emergency speed,emergency effectiveness and emergency operation as the main assessment indicators.In the context of frequent public emergencies,the media emergency response capability is particularly important in order to meet new challenges and seize opportunities for development.At the end of 2019,the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic suddenly broke out.As an indicator of social changes,the main performances of the media in emergency response are as follows:traditional mainstream media focus on emergency effectiveness;institutional media pay equal attention to emergency speed and emergency effectiveness;self-media are diversified in emergency response;platform media focus on emergency effectiveness and emergency operation.The main deficiencies are:insufficient emergency preparedness,prominent ethical issues,insufficient international coverage,and weak operation.In this regard,it is necessary to strengthen risk awareness,cultivate media emergency personnel,and set up internal media emergency agencies,establish a media emergency management system and seize new opportunities for media operation.