三种添加剂对秦川肉牛瘤胃降解率及血液生化指标的影响

Effects of Active Yeast Culture,Compound Enzyme and Compound Probiotics on Rumen Degradation Rate and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Qinchuan Beef Cattle

本试验研究目的是探究在肉牛饲粮中分别添加活性酵母培养物、复合酶制剂、复合益生菌对10种非常规饲料(柠条、构树叶、油菜杆、猕猴桃叶、马铃薯秧、红薯秧、白菜秧、白萝卜、白萝卜秧)干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解能力、瘤胃发酵参数以及血液生化指标的影响。选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体况良好、体重相近的秦川牛肉用新品系(简称“秦川肉牛”),采用尼龙袋测定的方法分析10种饲料的DM、CP、NDF、ADF瘤胃降解规律。分别为设立为对照组(基础日粮)、试验Ⅰ组(基础日粮+活性酵母培养物1.5 g/kg精料)、试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮+复合酶制剂1 g/kg精料)、试验Ⅲ组(基础日粮+复合益生菌制剂2 g/kg精料)四组(即四个阶段)。饲喂期22 d,每个试验组之间过渡期10 d,于每个试验饲喂阶段的第15 d进行尼龙袋试验,20~22 d连续3 d进行颈静脉采血,并进行相关指标的测定分析。结果表明:1)添加适量活性酵母培养物可以显著提高构树叶DM与CP、柠条的DM、马铃薯秧和红薯秧NDF,柠条和白萝卜ADF的ED值(P<0.05);添加适量的复合酶制剂可以显著提高柠条DM、ADF,构树叶CP、DM、NDF和红薯秧CP、NDF的ED值(P<0.05);2)三种添加剂均显著提高提高机体总蛋白TP值(P<0.05),但对总胆固醇TC、甘油三酯TG、血肌酐CREA、尿素氮UREA、血尿酸UA、葡萄糖GLU、天门冬氨基酸转移酶AST、丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT没有明显影响(P>0.05)。本试验得出以下结论:三种添加剂均能提高秦川肉牛瘤胃发酵能力、免疫力且对机体生理功能无不良影响。

The purpose of this experimental study is to explore the effects of adding active yeast culture,compound enzyme preparations,and compound probiotics on degradation ability in 10 kinds of unconventional feeds in beef cattle diets(Caragana,Structuring leaves,rape stalks,kiwi leaves,potato seedlings,sweet potato seedlings,Cabbage seedling,white radish,white radish seedling),and their effects on dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),rumen fermentation parameters and blood biochemical indicators.4 new Qinchuan beef strains("Qinchuan Beef Cattle"for short)with permanent rumen fistulas,good body condition,and similar weight were chosen,and the DM,CP,NDF,ADF of 10 feeds were analyzed by the method of nylon bag determination.The beef strains were set up as four groups:the control group(basic diet),test group I(basic diet+active yeast culture 1.5 g/kg concentrate),test group II(basic diet+compound enzyme preparation 1 g/kg concentrate)and Test group III(basic diet+compound probiotic preparation 2 g/kg concentrate)(namely four stages).The feeding period is 22 days,the transition period between each test group is 10 days,the nylon bag test is performed on the 15th day of each test feeding period,jugular vein blood sampling is performed for 20~22d for 3 consecutive days,and related measurement and analysis of indicators were conducted.The results showed that:1)Adding an appropriate amount of active yeast culture can significantly increase the ED value of DM and CP in Structuring leaves,DM in Caragana,NDF in potato and sweet potato seedlings,and ADF in Caragana and radish(P<0.05);Compound enzyme preparations can significantly increase the ED value of DM,ADF,CP,DM,NDF in Caragana and CP,NDF in sweet potato seedling(P<0.05);2)The three additives all significantly increase the body's total protein TP value(P<0.05),but has no significant effect on total cholesterol TC,triglyceride TG,blood creatinine CREA,urea nitrogen UREA,blood uric acid UA,glucose GLU,aspartic amino acid transferase AST,alanine aminotransferase ALT(P>0.05).This experiment came to the following conclusion:all three additives can improve the rumen fermentation ability and immunity of Qinchuan beef cattle without adverse effects on the physiological functions of the body.