营商环境优化与区域创新效率——兼论经济一体化的联合空间效应

Business Environment Optimization and Regional Innovation Efficiency:Concurrent Discussion on the Joint Space Effect with Economic Integration

基于营商环境影响区域创新效率的机制分析,以2011-2019年中国地级市数据为样本,构建空间动态面板模型,检验得出:①从总体看,营商环境优化是提高创新效率的重要着力点,并通过促进创新人才集聚间接提升创新效率,但同时因创新人才集聚的挤出效应引致邻近区域创新效率损失;②分区域看,外围城市营商环境优化对创新效率的直接提升效应强于中心城市,但中心城市因创新人才集聚存在创新外溢效应,因此营商环境优化的创新溢出效应更显著;③经济一体化战略放大了营商环境优化的积极作用,尤其表现在京津冀经济圈,即营商环境优化对创新效率的直接提升效应增强,且创新挤出效应也转为创新溢出效应。鉴于此,提出应通过建设协同创新平台、差异化设计营商环境考核指标、加强中心城市强强联合等策略促进营商环境优化,同时,提升区域整体创新效率。

Nowadays,the intensity of innovative factor input has exploded in China,but the level of technological progress represented by total factor productivity has not been significantly improved.The innovative factor input cannot be effectively transformed into innovation output,which leads to the limitation of the driving force for high-quality economic development.As a result,how to transform innovation input into innovation output and improve regional innovation efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved.At the same time,in order to promote high-quality development and fully mobilize the innovative development vitality of market entities such as the private economy,local governments have introduced measures to optimize the business environment.But can it become an opportunity to boost innovation vitality and enhance innovation efficiency by optimizing the business environment?The academic community has not yet reached a unified consensus on this issue.However,many studies have shown that promoting the flow of innovative factor is a significant condition for optimizing the allocation of innovative factor and improving regional innovation efficiency.Therefore,can we improve regional innovation efficiency by optimizing the business environment and accelerating the innovative factor agglomeration?In view of this,taking the optimization of the business environment as the starting point to study regional innovation efficiency issues,this paper is of great significance to promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the analysis of the mechanism by which the business environment affects regional innovation efficiency,this paper constructs a spatial dynamic panel model using data from China's prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019 as a sample.According to the results of estimation,for the start optimizing the business environment on the whole is an important focus for improving innovation efficiency,and will indirectly improve innovation efficiency by promoting the innovative talent agglomeration.But at the same time,the innovation crowding out effect of innovative talent agglomeration will lead to loss of innovation efficiency in neighboring regions.Secondly from a regional perspective,the direct innovation efficiency improvement brought by business environment optimization in peripheral cities is stronger than that of central cities.However,the innovation spillover effect of business environment optimization in central cities is stronger because their innovation spillover effect of innovative talent agglomeration is stimulated.Thirdly the economic integration strategy has expanded the positive role of optimizing the business environment,which is reflected in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle.Not only has the direct improvement effect of optimizing the business environment's innovation efficiency increased,but also the original innovation crowding out effect has been reversed into the innovation spillover effect.Compared with the previous literature,the possible innovations of this article are as follows.Firstly,different from the previous research on innovation efficiency from the micro level of enterprises,this article uses prefecture-level cities as the regional sample unit to study regional innovation and development issues at the macro level and examines the total social utility of the government in optimizing the business environment.It avoids studying government behavior from the perspective of maximizing corporate profits,which leads to the neglect of the spillover effects of knowledge and technology within the innovation system and makes it difficult to objectively judge the positive effects of business environment optimization.Secondly,putting the government,talents,and capital into the same analytical framework,this article uses spatial measurement models to examine the impact of the business environment on the allocation of innovative factor,thereby exploring the mechanism of the government's institutional optimization behavior on the regional innovation system and deepening the understanding of optimizing the business environment.Thirdly this article further analyzes the mechanism and effect of economic integration strategy on regional innovation,discussing scientific strategies to enhance regional innovation efficiency from the perspective of optimizing the business environment,and provides a feasible source of power for opening up high-quality regional economic development path.In order to continuously optimize the business environment and improve the overall regional innovation efficiency,the article puts forward the following suggestions.It is essential to accelerate the construction of collaborative innovation platforms to stimulate innovation spillover effects that optimize the business environment.The government should implement differentiated business environment assessment standards,guide peripheral cities to accelerate the optimization of business environment and promote strong alliance of central cities and improving the overall regional innovation efficiency.