科学商业情境下科学家创业过程研究——基于扎根理论的质性规律探讨

Entrepreneurial Process of Scientists Based on Grounded Theory in the Context of Scientific Business

当前,科学家创业成为理论和实践关注热点。聚焦科学商业情境下科学家创业过程规律,通过扎根理论分析构建科学家创业过程模型。该模型将科学家创业过程划分为创业基础、组织生成和成长绩效3个阶段,包括科技成果、创业意愿、制度环境、技术禀赋、创业素质、价值放大、创业绩效7个关键要素。结果发现,科学家创业组织生成涉及4个核心环节:机会识别与获取、创新活动、公司治理、市场开拓;科学家创业对技术创新具有强烈偏好,科学家创业资源禀赋优势强于一般创业;科学家创业过程伴随着科技成果产业化同步进行,创业组织生成和现代公司治理是科学家创业成功的关键,其中发展策略和资本融资起到关键作用。

At present,entrepreneurial economy has become one of the mainstream economic engines.Entrepreneurship has become a research hot spot in academic circles,and entrepreneurship research themes and perspectives emerge one after another.Among them,scientist entrepreneurship has become a hot spot in theory and practice.New technological change leads to the emergence of new paradigms,the boundary between science and technology is blurred,and there can be a direct transformation relationship between science and industry.The major breakthrough of basic science is of revolutionary significance for industrial development.Due to the deep participation of scientists and their teams,basic research and applied research show a stronger linkage effect in industrial innovation.Many scholars also put forward that scientists'participation in entrepreneurship is an important form to promote the commercialization of basic research results.Scientists and their research teams who master core scientific and technological achievements should become the"crown"of technological entrepreneurship and quickly transform advanced scientific and technological achievements into productivity.However,at this stage,the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements is still low,and it is often very difficult for a large number of scientists to participate in technological entrepreneurship.How to cross the"valley of death"has become an important research proposition.Based on the existing research literature,it is necessary to refine the research perspective,divide the entrepreneurship research problems into research under different scenarios,and further study the unique behavior in technology entrepreneurship activities,so as to truly grasp the growth law of technology entrepreneurship enterprises.At present,there is rare research directly focusing on the entrepreneurial process of scientists in the context of science and business.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the general law of scientist entrepreneurial process.This paper focuses on the law of scientist entrepreneurial process in the context of science and business,carries out open coding,spindle coding and selective coding of sample data through grounded theory,analyzes and constructs scientist entrepreneurial process model,and gradually excavates the law and mechanism of scientist entrepreneurial process in the context of science and business.As the listed companies on the technology innovation board gather high-quality technology companies,many founders have the dual identities of academics and entrepreneurship.According to the four principles,this paper selects 24 companies on the science and innovation board as analysis cases,collects detailed interview materials,reports and authoritative reports related to the founders of listed companies,and forms a large number of first-hand data as a data source for grounded theoretical analysis.Finally,a complete scientist entrepreneurial process model is established,and the entrepreneurial process is divided into three stages:entrepreneurial foundation,organizational generation and growth performance,including seven key elements.The results show that the formation of scientist entrepreneurial organizations involves four core links:opportunity identification and acquisition,innovation activities,corporate governance and market development.Scientist entrepreneurship has a strong preference for technological innovation,and the advantage of scientist entrepreneurship resource endowment is stronger than that of general entrepreneurship.The entrepreneurial process of scientists is accompanied by the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.The formation of entrepreneurial organizations and modern corporate governance are the key to the success of scientist entrepreneurship,in which development strategy and capital financing play a key role.The innovation and theoretical contribution of this paper lies in the first construction of a model of scientist entrepreneurial process,and it divides scientist entrepreneurial process into three stages:entrepreneurial foundation,organizational generation and growth performance,with a total of seven key elements,i.e.scientific and technological achievements,entrepreneurial willingness,institutional environment,technological endowment,entrepreneurial quality,value amplification and entrepreneurial performance.These elements can help scientists and entrepreneurs better understand the law of entrepreneurial activities and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.Based on the above conclusions,this paper combines with the characteristics of accelerating the integration of science and commerce to put forward the following policy suggestions.First,with the continuous deepening of"mass entrepreneurship and innovation",scientist entrepreneurship has become a new path to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.The government should attach great importance to scientist entrepreneurship,build a number of scientist entrepreneurship service platforms around the field of future industrial competitiveness,and provide funds,talents and entrepreneurship platform support for scientists willing to start a business.Second,the institutional environment is an important external factor restricting scientist entrepreneurship which is up against more institutional constraints,especially in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Government departments should issue policies to create a good entrepreneurial environment for scientists.Third,in the formation of scientist entrepreneurial organizations,entrepreneurial quality is the key to the success or failure of entrepreneurship.The government should provide targeted training and counseling services for scientists by carrying out entrepreneurship training camps for high-end scientific and technological talents,so as to help scientists improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.