保湿型高粘附缓释叶面肥的制备及性能研究

Research on Preparation and Properties of Moisturizing Highly-adhesive Slow-release Foliar Fertilizer

【目的】研制粘附性能、吸水性能、缓释性能优异,具有半互穿聚合物网络结构的保湿型高粘附缓释叶面肥。【方法】采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料制备吸水树脂,利用半互穿网络技术将尿素醛穿插到吸水保水网络中,制备得到保湿型高粘附缓释叶面肥,研究聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸质量比(m_(PVA)/m_(AA))、交联剂加入量对叶面肥吸水性能的影响,以及吸水树脂加入量对叶面肥粘附性能、缓释性能的影响。【结果】当聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸的质量比为1︰2、交联剂加入量为0.5%时,制备的保湿型高粘附缓释叶面肥具有最大吸水率,在自来水中最大吸水率为68.5 g/g。m_((PVA+AA))/m_(Urea)=2︰1时,叶面肥在包菜叶片的氮、磷保留率分别高达80%和40%;叶面肥氮磷养分在7~10 d释放达到平衡,缓释性能良好。【结论】研究结果对于解决目前常规叶面肥粘附性差、无保湿性能、无缓释性能的问题具有十分重要的意义。

【Objective】The study aims to develop a moisturizing high-adhesion slow-release foliar fertilizer with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure and excellent adhesion,water absorption and slow release properties.【Method】Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and acrylic acid(AA)were used as raw materials to prepare water-absorbent resin,and semi-interpenetrating network technology used to interpenetrate urea aldehyde into the water-absorbing and water-retaining network to prepare moisturizing high-adhesion slow-release foliar fertilizer.The effects of mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to acrylic acid(m_(PVA)/m_(AA))and addition amount of cross-linking agent on the water absorption property of foliar fertilizer and the effects of addition amount of water-absorbent resin on the adhesion and slow-release properties of foliar fertilizer were studied.【Result】When m_(PVA)/m_(AA)is 1∶2 and the addition amount of cross-linking agent is 0.5%,the prepared foliar fertilizer has the maximum water absorption rate,which is 68.5 g/g in tap water.When m_((PVA+AA))/m_((Urea))=2︰1,the retention rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of foliar fertilizer on cabbage leaves reach 80%and 40%,respectively;the release of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of leaf fertilizer achieves balance in 7-10 days,with good slow-release performance.【Conclusion】The research is of great significance to solve the problems of poor adhesion,no water absorption,and no slow-release properties of conventional foliar fertilizers.