福建省2015—2019年血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

Analysis on epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Fujian Province,2015-2019

目的了解福建省血吸虫病历史流行区综合防治工作成效,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法2015—2019年,在福建历史血吸虫病流行县(市、区)设立16个国家监测点,3个县(市、区)设立血吸虫病风险监测点,开展人群和引进家畜血吸虫病病情、钉螺分布和野粪感染等监测并进行描述性分析。结果2015—2019年累计调查20060人,血检阳性率本地人群为0.21%(14/6697),流动人群0.01%(2/13363)。血检阳性率2015年(0.40%,5/1244)和2016年(0.60%,9/1504)较高。血检阳性者均为≥60岁人群(0.43%,14/3286)。捕获活钉螺6805只,均未查到血吸虫感染性钉螺。钉螺面积0.8~5.9hm^(2),有螺框出现率呈逐年升高趋势(趋势χ^(2)=1439.04,P<0.05),活螺平均密度呈波浪式降低。累计检测引进家畜3907头和野粪707份,结果均为阴性。结论福建省血吸虫病实现传播阻断已达30余年,但仍然存在相当规模中间宿主钉螺面积,需整合多方资源进行长期科学的综合防治。

Objective To study the effectiveness of comprehensive control of schistosomiasis in historical endemic areas in Fujian Province basis for the disease control strategies.Methods From 2015to 2019,16national schistosomiasis surveillance sites and three risk monitoring sites were assigned in historical schistosomiasis endemic counties(cities and districts)in Fujian.The schistosomiasis infection rates were monitored in residents,introduced livestock,snails and wild feces.The monitoring data were descriptively analyzed.Results Totally 20060residents were screened,sero-positive rate was 0.21%(14/6697)in local residents and 0.01%(2/13363)in mobile populations from 2015to 2019.Positive rate was at higher level in 2015(0.40%,5/1244)and 2016(0.60%,9/1504).The sero-positives residents were all aged≥60(0.43%,14/3286).Totally 6805live snails captured were with no schistosomiasis infection.The snail area was 0.8-5.9hm^(2),occurrence rates of the frames with snails showed increasing tendency(linear trend χ^(2)=1439.04,P<0.05),the mean density of living snails decreased in waves.Totally 3907introduced livestock and 707wild feces were detected and the results were negative.Conclusion It has been more than 30years since the schistosomiasis transmission was blocked in Fujian,but there exist a considerable area of intermediate host oncomelania,which needs to integrate multiple resources for long-term,scientific and comprehensive disease control.