尼采与怀疑解释学

"怀疑解释学"这一概念最初是由保罗·利科提出的。他将尼采、马克思、弗洛伊德看作怀疑解释学的奠基人。怀疑解释学旨在通过一种解释的艺术,揭示人类意识中的幻想及虚假不实的成分,将虚假意识还原为人类意识中潜藏着的种种原始动机性质的力量,或曰原动力。尼采的去神秘化方法,就是要通过解释,来探讨人类意识中虚假不实成分产生的真正动机。他追本溯源,认为这动机背后隐藏着的其实就是权力意志。尼采一生主要探讨道德、科学等意识谎言的解构问题,解析它们所依据的共同假设——虚构的超感性世界。他努力揭示隐藏在道德和科学背后的虚弱的"权力意志",试图重新理解、建构艺术。他认为,艺术以及为艺术所肯定的生命背后潜藏着强大的权力意志。尼采式解释表明其思想重心从理性向非理性、从意识向无意识、从确定性向不确定性之转移。

The concept of“hermeneutics of suspicion”is first put forward by Paul Ricoeur,who regards Nietzsche,Marx,and Freud as its founders.The hermeneutics of suspicion intends to unmask the illusions and lies of consciousness by means of an art of interpretation in order to reduce false consciousness to the underlying motive forces.The Nietzschean interpretive approach to demystification is to trace the true motive of lies to the will to power.Taking morality and science as lies,Nietzsche tries to destruct the presupposition of an invented super-sensuous world on which both morality and science are often based,and reveals the weak“will to power”hidden behind them.Nietzsche is also concerned with the reconstruction of art,disclosing the forceful will to power concealed by art and its affirmation of life.The Nietzschean interpretation displays the shifts of focus in Nietzsche’s thought from rationality to irrationality,from consciousness to unconsciousness,and from certainty to uncertainty.