2020年珠海市中小学生视力不良流行现状分析

Prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Zhuhai City in 2020

目的分析珠海市中小学生视力不良流行特征,为防控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2020年"全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目",分层随机整群抽样抽取16所中小学校共6 595名学生。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,χ^(2)检验比较不同组间视力不良检出率的差异,采用趋势χ^(2)检验分析视力不良检出率是否随年级变化。结果珠海市中小学生视力不良总体检出率为67.79%;香洲区与斗门区视力不良检出率分别为70.27%、68.59%,两者之间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.505,P=0.220),但都高于金湾区(64.04%);女生视力不良检出率(72.17%)高于男生(64.07%)(χ^(2)=49.319,P<0.05);随着年级上升,视力不良检出率逐渐升高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=386.642,P<0.05),小学五年级到初中二年级阶段上升最快,增速为8.2个百分点/年级。结论珠海市中小学生视力不良现状不容乐观,防控重点是香洲区与斗门区、女生、小学五年级到初中二年级学生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Zhuhai,and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods A total of 6 595 students from 16 primary and secondary schools were selected by using a stratified random cluster sampling method.The SPSS 21.0software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square tests were used to compare the detection rates of poor eyesight among different groups.Chi-square test for trend was used to analyze whether the detection rate of poor eyesight changed with the grade.Results The total detection rate of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students was 67.79%in Zhuhai.The detection rates of poor eyesight in Xiangzhou District and Doumen District were 70.27%and 68.59%,respectively;there was no significant differences of the detection rate of poor eyesight between those two districts(χ^(2)=1.505,P=0.220).However,the detection rate of poor eyesight in those two districts was higher than that in Jinwan District (64.04%).The detection rate of poor eyesight in female students was higher than that in male students (72.17%vs.64.07%,χ^(2)=49.319,P<0.05).With the increase of grade,the detection rate of poor eyesight gradually increased(χ^(2)_(trend)=386.642,P<0.05).The detection rate of poor eyesight increased fastest from the fifth grade of primary school to the second grade of junior middle school,with a growth rate of 8.2 percentage points per grade.Conclusions The current situation of poor eyesight among primary and secondary schoo students in Zhuhai City is not optimistic.Prevention and control should focus on Xiangzhou Distric and Doumen District,girls,and students from grade 5 in primary school to grade 2 in middle school.