构造高差分析原理及其在地学研究中的应用

Theory of tectonic relief analysis and its application in geosciences

构造高差分析是构造解析及平衡剖面制作与恢复的基础。长期以来,构造高差并没有一个严格的定义,也缺乏原理性描述;构造高差分析也主要局限在构造地貌和地形高差的分析。本文在分析前人有关构造解析、地貌高差和构造高差研究的基础上,提出构造高程概念,将构造高差定义为构造高程之差,拓展了构造高差的内涵;并将构造高程定义为地质点所在构造形成时的有效深度,通常用相对高程的负值来表示。提出构造高差分析的基本理念,将构造高差的本质理解为构造势能,赋予其时间和空间涵义。由此给出了构造高差的估算方法,以及不同构造环境下构造高程的厘定与构造高差的分析原则,探讨了构造高差的形成与地质作用过程之间的关系。本文提出的构造高差理论拓展了传统构造地质学关于构造高差的认识,为构造高差分析在地球科学研究中的拓展应用给出了理论基础。

Tectonic relief is a basis of detailed structural analysis and balanced cross section construction and restoration. For a long time, there was no rigorous definition and a lack of theoretical description of tectonic relief. To a large extent, the analysis of tectonic relief in the past was limited to topographic and structural reliefs. Based on an understanding of concepts such as detailed structural analysis and topographic and structural reliefs, we extend the concept of structural relief to tectonic relief. We define the tectonic relief as the relative difference in tectonic elevation between two geological points, with the definition of tectonic elevation as the effective depth of a geological point when the structure forms at this point. Therefore, we express the tectonic relief as the negative value of the relative difference of tectonic elevation between the two geological points. In this paper, we propose a new way of detailed structural analysis, based on tectonic relief analysis, with consideration of the tectonic potential as the essence of tectonic relief. A method is proposed for the estimation of tectonic relief, with the determination of tectonic elevation developed for different structural and tectonic environments. The tectonic relief is attributed to be the result of geological processes, with the temporal and spatial meaning included. The theory of tectonic relief proposed in this paper expands the view of traditional structural geology, which may promote the modernization of the structural geology and tectonics.