危机下的日中基督教关系史——“中国认识”的诸面相

The History of Japan-China Christian Relations under the Crisis: The Various Aspects of “Chinese Understanding”

本文主要基于日方史料,对近代日中关系恶化过程中,自认为"和平旗手"的日本基督徒的言行变化加以考察。近代日中两国的基督教都源起于欧美传教士的传播,进入20世纪,两国基督教开始共同面对"独立"的课题,并在"爱""和平"等信仰之下,逐渐展开多方面的交流。不过,随着九一八事变、卢沟桥事变的爆发,两国基督教的交流变质为日本基督徒对中国的"教化",现实中日本对中国的政治、经济统治也被解释为"神的意志"。与此同时,"本土化"的"日本式基督教"日益形成,并强调自身的优越性,使得作为世界性、普遍性宗教的基督教在日本急剧"民族化"。在日本侵略中国乃至全亚洲的过程中,"日本式基督教"最终发展为"兴亚神学""大东亚神学"。主导这一过程的并非少数极端分子而是日本基督教的主流派,因此这可以被视为一场信仰层面的、心灵层面的侵略战争。

Mainly based on the Japanese historical materials,this paper examines the changes in the words and deeds of Japanese Christians who considered themselves the “peace flag bearers”during the deterioration of modern Japan-China relations. In modern times,Christianity in Japan and China originated from the works of missionaries in Europe and America. After entering the 20 th century,Christianity in the two countries began to face the topic of “independence”commonly and gradually carried out various exchanges under the beliefs of “love” and “peace. ” However,with the outbreak of the September 18 th Incident and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,the Christian exchanges between the two countries deteriorated into the “education ” of Japanese Christians to Chinese ones. In reality,Japan’s political and economic rule over China was also interpreted as the “will of God. ”At the same time,the “localized”“Japanese-style Christianity” was increasingly formed,and emphasized its own superiority,making Christianity,as a worldwide and universal religion,sharply“nationalized”in Japan. In the process of Japanese invading China and even the whole Asia,“Japanese-style Christianity”eventually developed into“Asia Development Theology”and“Great East Asian Theology. ”It is not a minority of extremists that dominate the process but the mainstream of Japanese Christianity,so it can be seen as a faith-level,spiritual-level war of aggression.