马克思恩格斯意识形态理论的建构逻辑阐释

The Construction Logic of Marx and Engels’s Ideological Theory

马克思恩格斯意识形态理论的本质特性是批判性,但他们的意识形态批判是包含着肯定、转化和出路的否定,其旨趣在于从破除"幻象"中获得"真相",从而在批判中内蕴了建构的维度。具体而言,马克思恩格斯的意识形态批判并非针对逻辑化的整体性世界观,而是在批判唯心论世界观中触及了观念背后的社会关系真实;并非以摒弃意识形态的方式寻找克服"虚假意识"的途径,而是通过对阶级统治和阶级意识的历史考察,探寻超越意识形态虚假性的科学进路;并非宣告意识形态为"天然虚假",而是着眼于现代无产阶级的具体分析,确认了无产阶级意识形态的历史地位。

The essential characteristic of Marx and Engels’ s ideological theory is critical, but it contains the nega-tion of affirmation, transformation and outlet and its purport is to obtain the “truth” from breaking the “illu-sion”, so as to imply the dimension of construction in the critique. Specifically, Marx and Engels’ s ideolog-ical critique is not aimed at the logicalized holistic world outlook, but touches the reality of social relationsbehind the concept in the critique of idealistic world outlook. It is not to find a way to overcome “false con-sciousness” by abandoning ideology, but to explore a scientific approach to surpass the falsity of ideologythrough the historical investigation of class rule and class consciousness. Instead of declaring ideology as “nat-ural falsehood”, it focuses on the specific analysis of the modern proletariat and confirms the historical statusof proletarian ideology.