不同包装方式对芒果低温模拟运输贮藏中品质及代谢的影响

Effects of Different Packaging Methods on the Quality and Metabolism of Mango Fruit during Simulated Low-Temperature Transportation and Storage

为评估商业包装(保鲜纸、塑料网套)与其他包装方式(葫芦膜、充气袋)对芒果运输过程中的保护效果,依托振动台对越南青芒在13℃、180 r/min下进行24 h模拟运输实验,研究运输后芒果在13℃下贮藏20 d过程中转黄率、病情指数、质量损失率、水分含量与分布、硬度、原果胶与可溶性果胶含量、呼吸强度、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合成酶(1-aminocyclocarboxylic acid-1-carboxylic acid synthase,ACS)质量浓度、相对电导率、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物质量分数及VC含量的变化。结果表明,充气袋包装能明显延缓芒果果实转黄与病情发生,减少水分与质量损失,使芒果的呼吸强度与ACS质量浓度峰值下降,其相对电导率与可溶性固形物质量分数上升最慢。保鲜纸包装能减缓原果胶、可溶性果胶含量的变化,塑料网套包装可减缓硬度下降并减少VC的损失,葫芦膜包装能抑制可滴定酸含量的下降。综上,两种商业包装和葫芦膜包装对芒果在运输过程中的保护效果较差,充气袋包装能明显减少运输对芒果造成的损伤,保持芒果更高的商品特性。研究结果可为芒果缓振包装及采后贮藏保鲜技术提供理论参考。

In order to investigate the protective effect of mango commercial packaging(wrapping paper and plastic net)and other packaging methods(gourd-like inflatable membrane and inflatable bag)on mangoes during transportation,Vietnamese green mangoes were subjected to simulated transportation experiments on a vibration table at 13℃and 180 r/min for 24 hours,followed by storage at 13℃for up to 20 days.The changes in yellowing rate,disease index,mass loss rate,moisture content and distribution,hardness,propectin and soluble pectin contents,respiration intensity,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase(ACS)level,relative conductivity,and the contents of titratable acid,total soluble solids(TSS)and vitamin C(VC)were measured during the storage period.The results showed that inflatable bag packaging significantly delayed the yellowing of mangoes and the occurrence of disease,reduced the losses of free water and mass,and decreased the peak values of respiratory intensity and ACS content.The slowest increase in relative conductivity and TSS content was observed for inflatable bag packaged mangoes during low-temperature transportation and storage.Wrapping paper packaging slowed down the rate of change in the contents of propectin and soluble pectin,plastic net packaging slowed down the rate of decrease in hardness and reduced VC loss,and gourd-like inflatable membrane packaging restrained the decrease in titratable acid content.Therefore,both kinds of commercial packaging and gourd-like inflatable membrane packaging had poor protective effects on mangoes during transportation,while inflatable bag packaging significantly reduced the damage caused by transportation to mangoes and maintain higher commodity characteristics of mangoes.These results provide a theoretical reference for mango cushioning packaging and postharvest storage and preservation technology.