生物育种新技术作物的安全管理

Safety Management of the Crop Produced by New Breeding Techniques

生物育种新技术(newbreedingtechniques,NBTs)是指基于分子生物学工具进行作物分子育种的一类新技术,可以短期内使作物产生新的有利性状,促进作物新品种的开发,如基因编辑技术、RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)技术、同源转基因技术等。这些新技术目前正在全球农业育种中广泛应用,并且已有部分作物新品种获准商业化生产。然而,针对生物育种新技术产生的作物新品种的安全性和安全管理政策,全球尚未达成统一共识,对其安全监管的思考也不尽相同,限制了这些作物新品种的研发和商业化应用进程。综述了现阶段全球主要发达国家对于生物育种新技术作物的安全性和监管方面实施的管理政策和法规,以期对我国生物育种新技术作物的安全性管理政策的制定提供一定的借鉴。

New breeding techniques(NBTs)refers to a class of new techniques for molecular breeding based on molecular biolo‑gy tools,which can produce new powerful traits for crops in a short period and promote the development of new crop varieties,such as gene editing technology,RNA interference(RNAi)technology,cisgenesis technology,etc.These new technologies are currently being widely used in global agricultural breeding,and some new crop varieties have been approved for commercial pro‑duction.However,the world has not yet reached a consensus on the safety and safety management of new crop varieties produced by new biological breeding technologies,and different safety regulation ideas,which may limit the process of development and commercial application of new crop varieties.At this stage,policies and guiding documents on the safety and supervision of NBTs crops form major developed countries around the world were reviewed in this paper,which was expected provide reference for the safety management and regulation polices of NBTs crops to our country.