时间管理倾向对高中生考试焦虑的影响:一个多重中介效应模型

The effects of time management disposition on high school students’ test anxiety:A multiple mediation model

为探讨时间管理倾向对高中生考试焦虑的影响及其机制,运用考试焦虑量表(TAS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、中国青少年心理弹性量表(RSCA)、青少年时间管理倾向量表(ATMD)对424名高中生进行调查。结果表明:(1)考试焦虑与时间监控行为、时间效能感、自我效能感、心理弹性均呈显著负相关。(2)结构方程模型分析表明,时间监控行为不仅能够直接正向预测考试焦虑,还能够通过中介链间接负向预测考试焦虑,且该中介作用包括三条路径:时间效能感-心理弹性的链式中介效应、自我效能感-心理弹性的链式中介效应、时间效能感-自我效能感-心理弹性的链式中介效应。(3)多群组恒等性检验表明,不同性别、年级和学科的高中生群体的结构模型具有恒等性。因此,时间管理倾向对高中生考试焦虑的作用机制有两种方式:一方面表现为时间监控行为对高中生考试焦虑的直接效应;另一方面表现为时间监控行为通过增加时间效能感或自我效能感(或二者的中介链)进一步提高心理弹性从而影响考试焦虑的间接效应,其实质是一种遮掩效应。

To explore the mechanisms between time management disposition and high school students’ test anxiety, with questionnaire survey method, 424 high school students completed questionnaire. The research tools included Test Anxiety Scale(TAS), General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES), The Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents(RSCA) and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale(ATMD). The results showed that:(1)The scores of test anxiety were significantly and negatively correlated with time control behaviors, time efficacy, self-efficacy and resilience.(2)Structural equation model analysis showed that timecontrol behaviors could not only have a positive impact on test anxiety directly, but also it could have a negative impact on test-anxiety through the chain mediation. Moreover, this mediation-effect manifested itself through three paths: the chain mediation effect of time efficacy and resilience;the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and resilience;the chain mediation effect of time efficacy, self-efficacy and resilience.(3)Multi-group persistence test showed that the structure model of high school students with different genders, grades and liberal arts or science was constant. As a result, there were two underlying mechanisms of time management disposition on high school students’ test anxiety: Time control behaviors could not only affect high school students’ test anxiety directly, but also have indirect effect to it through increasing time efficacy or self-efficacy(or the chain mediating of time efficacy and self-efficacy) to further improve resilience. These indirect effects were actually masking effect.