2015-2019年北京市东城区疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Analysis of adverse events following immunization surveillance in Dongcheng district of Beijing,2015-2019

目的 了解2015-2019年北京市东城区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生情况,评价监测系统的运转情况。方法 从全国AEFI信息管理系统导出2015-2019年北京市东城区AEFI个案资料,采用SPSS 22.0进行描述流行病学分析。一般反应和异常反应的发生时间差别使用Wilcoxon非参数检验。结果 2015-2019年东城区共报告AEFI病例457例,发生率为19.88/10万,呈上升趋势;男女性别比1.05∶1,小于1岁的儿童病例数最多,占67.83%;第二季度报告病例最多,占32.39%,第三季度占30.42%。350例发生在接种后24 h内,占76.59%;疫苗接种剂次以第一剂为主,共229例,占50.11%,发生率9.96/10万;AEFI的一般反应以发热/红肿/硬结为主,异常反应以各种过敏性皮疹为主。结论 东城区应加强医务人员培训、严格执行预防接种规范操作和30 min留观制度、加强公众宣传,提高AEFI监测敏感性。

Objective To understand the occurrence of adverse event following immunization(AEFI) in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2015 to 2019 and evaluate the operation of the surveillance system.Methods The data of AEFI cases in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2015 to 2019 were derived from the national vaccination information management system,and descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0.Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used for the time interval difference between general reaction and abnormal reaction.Results From 2015 to 2019,457 cases of AEFI were reported,with an incidence rate of 19.88/100 000,showing an increasing trend;the ratio of male to female was 1.05∶1,with the highest number of cases in children younger than 1 year old(67.83%);the largest number of cases were reported in the second quarter(32.39%) and the third quarter(30.42%).There were 350 cases occurring within 24 hours after vaccination,accounting for 76.59%;the highest proportion of AEFI occurred after the first dose of vaccination(229 cases,according to 50.11%),with an incidence of 9.96/100 000.The general reaction of AEFI was dominated by fever/redness/sclerosis,and the main abnormal reactions were dominated by various allergic rashes.Conclusions It is important for Dongcheng district of Beijing to strengthen the training of medical staff,strictly implement the standard operation of vaccination and 30 minute observation system,strengthen public publicity,and improve the sensitivity of AEFI surveillance.