北京市学龄前儿童体质状况分析

Analysis of physical fitness status among preschool children of Beijing

目的 分析北京市学龄前儿童体质测试数据,为改善儿童体质健康状况提供理论依据。方法 选取2018年北京市妇幼信息系统中26 684名3~6岁儿童体质测试个案数据,按照年龄、性别和地区进行分组,分析不同年龄、性别、地区、营养状况儿童的体质状况差别。结果 北京市学龄前儿童体质水平综合评级为优秀、良好、合格和不合格的分别占39.97%、36.43%、22.83%和0.77%;超重肥胖儿童体质综合评级较非超重肥胖儿童不合格率高,优秀率低。4岁以上郊区儿童的肥胖比例高于城区,且随年龄增长差距逐步扩大。结论 北京市应重视控制学龄前儿童的超重、肥胖率,加强对超重、肥胖儿童的早期管理;开发普及适合儿童在室内、小空间内进行的趣味体育运动项目,以适时弥补户外运动时间的不足;加强园所尤其是郊区园所的健康教育及家园共育管理,帮助家长掌握科学的养育知识,更好地促进学龄前儿童体质和身体素质的全面提升。

Objective To provide data and theoretical basis for improving the physical health of children,the physical fitness test data of preschool children in Beijing was analyzed.Methods Case data of 26 684 preschool children’s physical test aged 3-6 years from the Beijing Maternal and Child Information System in 2018 were selected and grouped according to age,gender,region to analyze the differences in the physical fitness status.Results In Beijing,39.97%,36.43%,22.83% and 0.77% of preschool children were related as levels of excellent,good,qualified and unqualified in physical test,respectively;In the term of overall physical fitness rating,compared with non-overweight and obese children,the overweight and obese children had an higher unqualified rate and an lower excellent rate.The obesity rate of children aged 4 years and over in suburban was higher than in urban areas,and the gaps widened progressively with age.Conclusions We should pay attention to control the overweight and obesity rate of preschool children and strengthen the early management of overweight and obesity children.We should develop and popularize interesting sports suitable for children in indoor and small space,in order to make up for the deficiency of outdoor sports in time and strengthen health education in home and kindergarten,especially in the suburbs,so that they can master scientific parenting knowledge and better promote the physical health and physical quality development of preschool children.