粪菌移植治疗肿瘤的研究进展

Research progress on fecal microbiota transplant in cancer therapy

人体上皮表面存在微生物群,由共生细菌和其他微生物组成,产生的小分子和代谢物影响肿瘤的治疗反应。粪便微生物群移植(fecal microbiota transplant,FMT)是指将一个患者的粪便微生物移植到其他患者,成为肿瘤治疗的新策略。FMT通过重构肠道微生物群和提高抗肿瘤免疫反应而用于肿瘤临床治疗,其发展也经历了动物模型、人类向动物、患者间和编辑微生物群的粪菌移植等阶段。合成生物学编辑和合成新的菌群将为FMT提供新的材料。

The microbiota refers to the commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that colonize the epithelial surface of the human body.The microbiota produces small molecules and metabolites that can affect the response to cancer therapy.Fecal microbiota transplant(FMT)involves the transfer of fecal material from one individual to another.FMT is a novel strategy to treat cancer by reprogramming the gut microbiota to improve the antitumor immune response.The development of FMT has sequentially involved mouse models,human-to-mice transplants,human clinical trials,and editing of the microbiome.The synthetic biology approach of editing and synthesizing the fecal microbiome will provide novel materials for FMT.