特朗普政府对美国对华政策的重塑

The Trump Administration’s Reshaping of U.S.Policy toward China

特朗普政府任内,美国对华政策发生了史无前例的变化,对抗性越来越强,施压面越来越广,但实际效果未达其预期。在这一过程中,特朗普政府对美国的对华政策进行了彻底重塑:明确了新时期的对华定位;放弃接触政策,启动全面脱钩的进程;不再以维护中美关系的稳定为目标;力推国家身份政治,将中美对抗推向新冷战的边缘。此外,特朗普政府还通过全面激发民间对华负面情绪、将对华强硬塑造成国内的"政治正确"、设置"美国优先"的成功先例、持续热炒中国议题等方法,极力将其对华政策固化。特朗普政府将中美冲突归因于两国内部特征的差异,这赋予美方与中国对抗的正当性甚至一定程度的神圣性,也导致中美冲突将在拜登政府任内持续下去。

Since the Trump administration took office,there has been an unprecedented shift in U.S.policy toward China,with increasing confrontation and pressure in wider fields.However,the actual results are far below expectations.During this process,the Trump administration completely reshaped the U.S.policy toward China.It clarified its positioning toward China in the new period,abandoned the engagement policy in favor of comprehensive decoupling,gave up the goal of maintaining the stability of U.S.-China relations,and implemented national identity politics which pushed China and the U.S.to the brink of a new Cold War.In addition,the Trump administration has also solidified its China policy into a diplomatic legacy by inducing negative public sentiment toward China across the board,shaping assertiveness toward China as domestic political correctness,setting a successful precedent of"America First,"and continuing to hype China issues.As the Trump administration tried to attribute the U.S.-China conflict to differences in the domestic characteristics of the two countries,this endowed the U.S.side a legitimacy and even a degree of sanctity in confronting China,which foreshadows the continuation of the U.S.-China conflict during the Biden administration.