刑法客观归责理论中的经典问题及其应对策略

Classic Problems in the Objective Imputation Theory of Criminal Law and Their Solutions

在运用客观归责理论时,应注意的是:判断行为与结果之间的因果关系是否存在时,无须考虑替代性原因,只有当行为人的不当行为是结果发生的必要条件时,行为人才对此完全负责;判断违反注意义务的因果关系是否存在时,不仅应将行为人的行为违反注意义务本身考虑进来,还应将同样引起结果发生的、合义务的替代行为考虑进来;存在违反注意义务的双重因果关系时,不能运用避免可能性说,也不能考虑行为人对注意义务的违反,而是要考虑被害人对注意义务的违反,如果被害人合规行事结果也会发生,结果应归责于行为人。

When the objective imputation theory is applied,we should pay attention to following aspects:while judging whether the causality between the behavior and the result exists,there is no need to consider the alternative cause.Only when the improper behavior of the conductor is a necessary condition for the result,the conductor is fully responsible for it.While judging whether the causality of the breach of care duty exists,not only the breach of care duty of the conductor should be taken into account,but also alternative behaviors of performing duties that also cause the result should be taken into account.When there is a double causality of the breach of care duty,the application of the avoidance possibility theory and the violation of the conductor’s care duty should not be considered,but the violation of the victim’s care duty should be considered.If the result will also occur when the victim acts in compliance with the law,the conductor is responsible for the result.