衡麦节水小麦选育技术创新实践与思考

Practice and Thinking on Innovation of Hengmai Water-saving Wheat Breeding Technology

针对我国北方干旱缺水、小麦生育后期高温热害频发的实际情况,河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所利用衡水市独特的生态气候条件,立足冀中南,面向黄淮麦区,围绕小麦产业要求,以节水抗旱、高产广适为目标,以提高小麦品种的水分利用效率为核心,同时关注耐热性等抗逆性筛选,先后育成衡观35、衡4399等衡麦系列节水高产冬小麦新品种26个(10个国审)。创新形成“衡麦选育技术体系”,注重产量三因素的协调选择和表型差异化的选育,在株型改良的基础上强化抗逆、抗病性的鉴选,不断加强常规技术与分子技术的有机结合,形成衡麦节水小麦选育研究的综合特色。

In view of the actual situation of drought and water shortage in northern China and the frequent occurrence of high temperature and heat damage at the later stage of wheat growth,the Dryland Farming In-stitute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences took advantage of the unique ecological climate conditions of Hengshui City,based on the central and southern Hebei,faced the Huanghuai wheat area,fo-cused on the requirements of wheat industry,aimed at water saving,drought resistance,high yield and wide adaptability,and took improving the water use efficiency of wheat varieties as the core,at the same time,paid attention to the screening of stress resistance such as heat resistance,and successively bred 26 new wa-ter-saving and high-yield winter wheat varieties such as Hengmai 35 and Heng 4399,among them 10 vari-eties were approved by the state.The Hengmai breeding technology system was innovated and formed,the co-ordinated selection of three yield factors and the breeding of phenotypic differentiation should be paid attention to,the identification and selection of stress resistance and disease resistance on the basis of plant type im-provement should be strengthened,the organic combination of conventional technology and molecular technology should be constantly strengthened so as to form the comprehensive characteristics of Hengmai water-saving wheat breeding research.