橡胶黏弹性对O形和异形密封圈性能的影响研究

A Study on Seal Performance of O-ring and Shaped Ring with Viscoelasticity

橡胶密封件是航空航天设备的关键部件,橡胶材料的黏弹性对橡胶密封圈密封性能有重要影响。对橡胶密封圈进行瞬态动力学分析,利用参数化语言施加位移载荷,模拟橡胶密封结构的压缩追随性能,并在此基础上研究了橡胶密封圈的截面直径、间隙张开量、间隙张开时间、截面形状对密封圈密封性能的影响。通过观察密封圈上表面的接触压力随时间的变化,探索基于材料黏弹性,振动工况下异形密封圈的设计依据。研究结果表明,增大密封圈截面直径,会使密封圈密封面接触压力增大,追随间隙波动能力增强,从而改善密封性能;通过比较不同截面直径、不同回弹时间和不同回弹量下两种密封圈的最大接触压力σ_(max),可知X形圈的最大接触压力σ_(max)均高于O形圈,密封性能优于O形圈。另外,具体结构的振动频率及振动幅值(即回弹时间和回弹量)会对密封性能有重要影响。

Rubber seal is a key component of Aeronautics and Astronautics equipment,the material viscoelasticity of which has a significant impact on the performance of the rubber ring seal.Transient dynamics analysis was used to study the seal ring,displacement load was applied by APDL to simulate the compression follow performance of seal structure,and study the effect of cross section diameter,the gap open quantity,gap open time,section shape on the seal performance.Contact pressure of the O-ring surface changing versus time was observed to explore the design principle of the seal ring in considering vibration and material with viscoelasticity.The research show that increasing the ring cross section diameter increases the contact pressure,enhances the ability to follow the fluctuations in the gap,thereby improving the seal performance;the comparison of the two ring maximum contact pressureσ_(max) in different diameters,times and springback rebound section show that the maximum contact pressureσ_(max) of X-ring is higher than the O-ring,which means X-rings seal performance is better than O-rings.In addition,the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude concrete structures(ie rebound time and springback)have an important impact on seal performance.