高速列车刹车片材料的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of brake pad materials for high-speed trains

高速列车刹车片材料是指固定在高速列车制动盘上的摩擦材料,不同材料的刹车片决定了高速列车不同的制动性能。高速列车的制动速度从200 km/h提升到350 km/h,刹车片材料从粉末冶金(P/M)材料发展到陶瓷基新型材料,其中200 km/h及以下的高速列车刹车片材料逐渐被新型材料替代。重点对高速列车刹车片材料的研究展开讨论,使刹车片材料与不同制动速度的高速列车匹配。高速列车的车速提高1倍,制动功率就需要提高8倍,这对高速列车的制动性能提出了更严格的要求,同时也对刹车片材料的要求更加严格。通过材料种类、性能以及应用3个方面详细介绍了刹车片材料的研究情况。其中材料种类是影响高速列车刹车片性能的主要因素,分别报告了铁基粉末冶金刹车片、铜基粉末冶金刹车片、C/C基刹车片和陶瓷基刹车片的研究现状,对比了上述几种刹车片材料的优缺点。高速列车刹车片的性能好坏决定了它的应用范围,目前应用最广泛的仍然是铜基粉末冶金刹车片,但是伴随着陶瓷基材料的不断优化,其脆性降低、韧性提高,耐磨性优于铜基粉末冶金材料,有望取代铜基粉末冶金刹车片,成为400 km/h及以上高速列车的新型刹车片材料。最后总结出现阶段高速列车刹车片材料存在的问题,并对未来新型刹车片材料的发展前景进行了展望。

The brake pad material of high-speed train refers to the friction material fixed on the brake disc of high-speed train.The different braking performances of high-speed trains are determined by the brake pads of different materials.The braking speed of high-speed trains has increased from 200 km/h to 350 km/h,and brake pad materials have been developed from powder metallurgy materials to ceramic matrix new materials.Among them,the brake pad materials of 200 km/h high-speed trains have been gradually replaced by new materials.The paper discussed the research work of brake pad materials for high-speed trains so that the brake pad materials can be matched with high-speed trains with different braking speeds.When the speed of a high-speed train is doubled,the braking power needs to be increased eight times,which puts forward more stringent requirements on the braking performance of high-speed trains,and also more stringent requirements on brake pad materials.The research situation of brake pad materials was introduced in detail through three aspects of material type,performance,and application.The type of material is the main factor affecting the performance of high-speed train brake pads.Then,the status of iron-based powder metallurgy brake pads,copper-based powder metallurgy brake pads,C/C-based brake pads,and ceramic matrix brake pads were explained separately.And the advantages and disadvantages of the above brake pad materials were compared.The performance of high-speed train brake pads determines its application range.At present,copper-based powder metallurgy brake pads are still the most widely used.However,with the continuous optimization of ceramic matrix materials,their brittleness is reduced and toughness is improved.Its wear resistance is better than copper-based powder metallurgy materials.It is expected to replace copper-based powder metallurgy brake pads and become a new brake pad material for 400km/h and above high-speed trains.Finally,the existing problems of brake pad materials for high-speed trains are summarized,and the development prospect of new brake pad materials in the future was prospected.