基于建造体系的传统民居建造材料和营造特征研究——以邯郸市黄粟山村为例

Research on Construction Materials and Characteristics of Traditional Dwellings Based on Construction System:Taking Huangsushan Village in Handan City as an Example

传统村落是我国民族文化的重要载体,也是农耕文明不可多得的文化遗产。传统民居建筑作为传统村落的重要组成部分,其独特的文化价值是由当地建筑材料作为重要因素来呈现的,不同地区材料选择和营造方式的差异构成了丰富多彩且各具特色的村落风貌。文章以入选第五批中国传统村落名录的河北省邯郸市武安市北安庄乡黄粟山村为研究对象,通过查阅相关文献,以及实地调研、现场测绘,从民居建造体系的角度详细分析了黄粟山村传统民居的常用建造材料及其物理特性,又进一步剖析了这些传统材料根据不同的使用需求和自身特性在民居建筑中不同的处理方式,从而体现黄粟山村独具特色的营造技法。希望借此探索该地区传统民居建造材料的使用规律和营造特征,并且为今后黄粟山村传统民居的保护发展和新民居建设提供较好的参考依据。

Traditional village is an important carrier of our national culture and a rare cultural heritage of farming civilization.Traditional dwellings are an important part of traditional villages,and their unique cultural value is presented by local building materials as an important factor.The differences in material selection and construction methods in different regions constitute a colorful and distinctive village style.Taking the fifth batch of traditional Chinese villages,Huangsushan Village of Beianzhuang Township,Wu'an City,Handan City,Hebei Province as the research object,the author analyzes in detail the commonly used construction materials and their physical characteristics of the traditional dwellings from the perspective of the residential construction system by consulting related documents,field investigations,and on-site surveying and mapping.It further analyzes the different processing methods of these traditional materials in dwellings according to different use needs and their own characteristics,so as to reflect the unique construction techniques of Huangsushan Village.It is hoped to explore the usage rules and construction characteristics of traditional construction materials in this area,and to provide a better reference for the protection and development of traditional dwellings in Huangsushan Village and the construction of new dwellings in the future.