常德方言韵律制约句法现象初探

A Preliminary Exploration of Prosody-Constrained Syntax in Changde Dialect

以“韵律-句法对应层级”为分析框架,发现常德方言中不同类型的韵律对于句法均有制约作用。双宾结构等方面的证据表明,常德方言的核心重音由动词指派,动词短语的“左轻右重”韵律模式制约着名词短语的“一”字省略、动词短语中的介词弱化等语言现象。焦点重音对于句法的制约作用,体现在它与核心重音的互动造成了动补结构中宾语位置的分布差异。在句调重音方面,语气词和程度补语中的“阴平调”现象其实是表示强调的句调语素所致。

In the framework of Prosody-Syntax Co-hierarchy,it is argued that prosody constrains syntax at various levels in Changde dialect.Evidences from double object constructions and other related structures show that nuclear stress is assigned by the main verb of the sentence in Changde dialect;moreover,the[light vs heavy]prosodic pattern of the VP(nuclear stress domain)is responsible for“one”deletion in noun phrases,phonetic weakening of prepositions and other phenomena.In terms of focus stress,its interaction with nuclear stress constrains the distribution of objects in“verb-resultative”constructions.Finally,the influence of sentence prosody on syntax is manifested in the“high-level tone”on functon words such as sentence final particles and“de”resultative-extential structures,which can be analyzed as realization of an emphatic intonation morpheme at the end of the sentence.