认罪认罚从宽制度上诉机制研究——基于124例样本的实证分析

Study on the Appeal Mechanism of Leniency of Punishment for Guilty plea system——Empirical Analysis Based on 124 Samples

虽然目前认罪认罚案件可以适用二审程序,但是关于认罪认罚案件适用二审程序成为了具有争议的问题,必须明确的是,将二者适配,绝不是一种制度向另一种制度的妥协,而是在寻求防止认罪认罚案件滥用上诉权与保障案件效率之间的一种平衡。我国诉讼程序上实行的是两审终审制,二审程序作为一种救济程序,其存在的意义不言自明,因此刑事诉讼程序必然包括二审程序,而认罪认罚从宽程序作为刑事诉讼程序,与二审程序相适配是十分有必要的。探索建立启动二审程序前的审查机制将无实质争议案件“剔除”,其理论依据在于保护权利的形式是多种多样的,同样,保护上诉权的形式也是多种多样的。建立认罪认罚案件的上诉审查机制,平衡效率与公平,蕴含了法理基础。为建立认罪认罚上诉案件的上诉审查机制,必须从事前机制、审查主体、减少上诉事由三个方面打造一个横向和纵向相互融合的系统,打破目前控方或辩方单方面启动二审程序的模式,进一步在认罪认罚案件中建立灵活与高效且具有可操作性的审查机制。

Although the second instance procedure can be applied in the current pleadings and penalty cases,the application of the second instance procedure in the pleading guilty cases has become a controversial issue,and it must be made clear that the adaptation of the two is by no means a compromise between one system and another,but rather a balance between seeking to prevent the abuse of the right of appeal in pleading guilty cases and ensuring the efficiency of the case.China's procedural procedure is the implementation of the two-trial and final adjudication system.The second-instance procedure as a relief procedure,its significance is evident.Therefore,the criminal procedure must include the second-instance procedure,and the guilty plea as a lenient procedure as a criminal procedure is necessary to match with the second-instance procedure.Exploring the establishment of a pre-trial review mechanism to"exclude"non-substantive dispute cases is based on the fact that the forms of protection of rights are diverse,as are the forms of protection of the right to appeal.The establishment of an appeal review mechanism in pleading guilty cases,balancing efficiency and fairnes is based on law.In order to establish the appeal review mechanism in the appeal case of guilty plea,it is necessary to create a horizontal and vertical integration system in three aspects:pre-mechanism,examing subject and reduction of appeal subject matter,break the current model of unilateral initiation of second instance proceedings by the prosecution or defence,and further establish flexible and efficient and operational review mechanism in pleading guilty cases.