基于价值和市场评价贡献的数据要素定价机制

The Pricing Mechanism of Data Elements Based on Data Element Value and the Contribution of Market Assessment

数据产品是数据资源商品化后的标准产品或服务,是数据价值化、资产化的载体,也是数据要素市场的主要交易标的。数据产品定价是数据要素交易的基础。数据要素定价机制是一系列制度安排,数据要素价值和市场评价贡献是其核心因素。数据要素定价机制沿着“价值形成—价格发现—竞价成交”的路径演进,包括数据要素价值的形成机制、发现机制和竞价机制。数据要素的价值在交易场景和非交易场景下形成,基于场景的交易是数据要素价值变现的主要途径。场景、供求关系、定价方法和定价估值体系,是数据产品价格的主要量化和发现渠道。数据要素市场竞价机制发挥作用,主要依靠多层次交易市场、合理的竞价模式和有效的交易监管体系。建立健全数据要素定价机制,应加快数据交易的技术、产品和管理的“标准基建”,构建科学的数据资产估值指标体系,培育和建设多层次数据交易市场,建立健全政府对数据要素价格的监督和调控机制。

Data products are not only the standard products or services after data commercialization,the carrier of data valuation and data assetization,but also the main object of transaction of the data element market.Data transaction is based on data product pricing.The pricing mechanism of data elements is a series of institutional arrangements,the core factors of which are data element value and the contribution of market assessment.The pricing mechanism of data elements follows the evolution path of"value formation-price discovery-price formation",including three parts of the value formation mechanism of data elements,the price discovery mechanism of data elements,and the price bidding mechanism of data products.The value of data elements is formed in transaction scenarios and non-trading scenarios.And the main way to realize data elements is transaction based on the scenarios.The main channels for quantifying and discovering the price of data products are scenarios,the market supply-demand relationship,data product pricing methods and the data element valuation system.The muti-level market,reasonable pricebidding mode and effective transaction supervision system play a role in the pricebidding mechanism of the market.To establish and improve the pricing mechanism of data element,the government should formulate unified standards of technology,product and management for data transaction,build the scientific index system of data assets valuation,cultivate and build the multilayered data element market,and establish and improve the government's supervision and regulation mechanism on the price of data elements.