中国式环境规制政策演进及其经济效应:综述与展望

The Evolution of Chinese Environmental Regulation Policy and Its Economic Effects:A Summary and Prospect

通过对中国式环境规制政策演进的梳理,从宏观、中观和微观三个维度探讨中国式环境规制的经济效应,结果发现:第一,中国式环境规制是以政府行政命令和绩效考核式为主,并与市场式规制工具相结合的一种具有典型中国特色的环境规制方式;第二,就宏观层面而言,中国式环境规制政策更多是通过前期成本效应和后期补偿效应促进环境和经济的双赢,但也一定程度上影响了中国贸易利得,抑制了产品出口;第三,就中观层面而言,中国式环境规制政策一定程度上促使产业向西部地区转移,并促进了技术创新,提高了产业效率;第四,就微观层面而言,中国式环境规制政策增加了企业生产的环境成本负担,迫使在位企业改进生产与经营方式,实现了区域内环境质量的提升。未来研究应更加重视环境规制的社会功能,合理测度不同环境规制工具协调配合的作用机制,将研究视角拓展至中国式环境规制对社会整体福利的影响方面。中国式环境规制政策应强调引导环境规制良性竞争,推进环境政策差别化机制,畅通公众环保诉求渠道,灵活运用环境规制工具的组合形式,促进中国式环境规制与市场化工具相结合,保证中国式环境规制政策正向经济效应的有效发挥。

This paper combs the evolution of Chinese-style environmental regulation policies,and discusses the economic effects of Chinese-style environmental regulation from three dimensions:macro,meso and micro.Existing research shows that:(1)Chinese-style environmental regulation is an environmental regulation method with typical Chinese characteristics that is based on government administrative orders and performance evaluation,and is combined with market-style regulatory tools;(2)At the macro level,Chinese-style environmental regulatory policies promote a win-win situation between the environment and the economy through early-stage cost effects and late-stage compensation effects,but they also affect China's trade gains and inhibit product exports to a certain extent;(3)At the meso level,Chinese-style environmental regulatory policies have to some extent promoted the transfer of industries to the western region,promoted technological innovation,and improved industrial efficiency;(4)At the micro level,Chinese-style environmental regulation policies have increased the environmental cost burden of enterprises'production,forcing incumbents to improve their production and operation methods,and have achieved the improvement of regional environmental quality.Future research should pay more attention to the social function of environmental regulation,reasonably measure the mechanism of coordination and cooperation of different environmental regulation tools,and focus the research perspective on the analysis of the impact of Chinese-style environmental regulation on the overall welfare of society.Chinese-style environmental regulatory policies should emphasize guiding healthy competition in environmental regulations,promote a differentiated mechanism for environmental policies,unblock the public's environmental appeal channels,flexibly use the combination of environmental regulatory tools,and promote the combination of Chinese-style environmental regulations and market-oriented tools to ensure that Chinese-style environmental regulations are positively exerting economic effects.