夏季干旱半干旱城市公园不同植被配置环境效应评价研究

Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Different Vegetation Configurations in Arid and Semi-Arid Urban Parks in Summer

于2020年夏季以晴天、晴转多云为主的10 d,选择呼和浩特市敕勒川公园5处不同植被配置及对照点(CK)进行环境指标监测,分析5处监测点及对照点(CK)的人体舒适度、空气颗粒物质量浓度、空气负离子质量浓度及噪音状况,研究各因子日变化规律及影响因素,并分析比较不同监测点间的差异。结果表明,敕勒川公园7:00-10:00人体舒适度为较舒适;总悬浮颗粒物(tatal suspended particulate,TSP)、PM_(10)质量浓度呈现由早到晚波动状态,PM_(2.5)、PM_(1.0)质量浓度日变化表现出一定的协同性;负离子质量浓度呈“V”形变化,风速与温度显著影响空气负离子质量浓度,噪音极显著影响空气负离子质量浓度(P=0.91);噪音日变化呈现“两端高,中间低”的变化趋势,乔草型(S1)处噪音分贝相对较小。敕勒川公园绿地内不同植被配置间人体舒适度、空气颗粒物质量浓度、空气负离子质量浓度及噪音等表现存在差别,乔草型(S1)的夏季环境效应最高,乔木型(S3)最低,夏季影响城市公园不同植被配置环境效应的主要气象因素为湿度以及空气颗粒物质量浓度为主。

Taking the Chilechuan Park in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia as the research object to study the influence of plant arrangement on environment.Five sites with different plant arrangements and 1 site without any plant(control)were set up within the park.Environmental indicators,such as human comfort,air particle concentration,air negative ion concentration and noise status were collected in the summer of 2020 during 10 sunny and cloudy days.The diurnal variation of each factor and its influencing factors were studied,and the differences between different monitoring points were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the human comfort was relatively good from 7:00 to 10:00 am in the park;the concentration of total suspended particulate(TSP)and PM_(10) fluctuated all the day,and the diurnal variation of PM_(2.5) and PM_(1.0) showed a certain synergy effect.The negative ion concentration showed a'V'type change.Wind speed and temperature significantly affected the negative ion concentration in air,and noise significantly affected the negative ion concentration in air(P=0.91).The diurnal variation of noise showed a trend of'high in the morning and evening,low in the middle day',and the noise decibel at arbor-grass type(S1)was relatively small.There were differences in human comfort,air particle concentration,air negative ion concentration and noise among different vegetation arrangements in the green spaces in the park.The environmental effect of arbor-grass type(S1)was the highest in summer,and that of arbor type(S3)was the lowest.The main meteorological factors affecting the environmental effect of different vegetation arrangements in summer were humidity and air particle concentration.