开辟拓殖地与日本在巴西的早期移民活动

Formation of Colonies and Early Japanese Migration in Brazil

购买土地、开垦荒地和创建拓殖地是日本在巴西早期移民活动的一大亮点。为了获得更大的经营自主权和更多的经济收益,在履行完劳动契约后,一部分日本移民离开种植园,在圣保罗市郊、西北铁路沿线等地购买土地开辟拓殖地。最早的拓殖购地行为大多是移民迫于生计、零散的和自发的个体行为。而后,伊瓜佩地区的拓殖地则是由日本政府推动的、有组织的官商合办行为,兼具投资、置地和移民三重作用。

The purchase of land,the reclamation of wasteland,and the building up of settlements highlighted the early Japanese migration in Brazil.To gain greater autonomy in management and more economic benefits,after fulfilling the labor contract,some Japanese im-migrants left the coffee plantations,purchased land in the suburbs of São Paulo,and along the Northwest railway opened up the land for colonies.Most of the earliest colonization were individual behaviors under the pressure of livelihood,scattered and spontaneous.Later,the Iguape colony was supported by Japan and organized by the Japanese government and business circles.This colony had the functions of investment,land purchase,and immigration.