冷热水交替浴对短跑运动员增强式运动后膝关节本体感觉的影响

Effects of Contrast Water Therapy on the Proprioception of Sprinter's Knee Joint after Plyometric Training

目的:探究冷热水交替浴(CWT)对短跑运动员增强式运动后膝关节本体感觉的影响。方法:16名受试者随机分为冷热水交替浴组(CWT组)与静坐休息对照组(CON组),在执行10组每组20次负重(10 kg)浅蹲跳和50 m蛙跳的运动方案后,静坐休息5 min,分别采用14 min CWT或14 min静坐休息的干预手段。在运动前,运动后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h不同时间点分别测量受试者的膝关节位置觉肌肉力觉以及肢体下落时关节反应角度。结果:(1)所有受试者在运动后均出现了主、被动位置觉,肌肉力觉的显著下降以及肢体下落时关节反应角度的显著上升(P<0.05);(2)运动后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,CON组的主动位置觉显著低于CWT组(P<0.01),运动后48 h,CON组的被动位置觉显著低于CWT组(P<0.01);(3)运动后24 h、48 h、36 h、72 h,CON组的肌肉力觉显著低于CWT组(P<0.01);(4)运动后24 h、48 h,CON组的肢体下落时关节反应角度显著大于CWT组(P<0.01)。结论:本研究所设计的CWT方案可以有效缓解增强式运动中因肌肉离心所致的肌肉力觉的下降,促进肌肉本体感觉(主、被动位置觉,肢体下落时关节反应角度)的恢复。CWT恢复关节本体感觉的机制与促进肌力恢复、镇痛、加速代谢产物清除、缓解中枢神经系统疲劳等有关。

Objective:To explore the effect of contrast water therapy on the proprioception of knee joint in sprinters after plyometric training.Methods:16 subjects were randomly divided into two groups:contrast water therapy group(CWT group)and control group(CON group).After 20 times of weight-bearing(10 kg)squatting jump and 50 m frog jump exercise,the subjects took 5 minutes of sitting rest,and 14 minutes of contrast water therapy(CWT)or 14 min of sitting rest.The knee position sense,muscle force sense and joint reaction angle to release were measured 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h before and after exercise.Results:(1)All the subjects showed a significant decrease in active and passive position sense,muscle force sense and an increase in joint reaction angle to release after exercise(P<0.05);(2)At 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h after exercise,the active position sense of the CON group was significantly lower than that of the CWT group(P<0.01);At 48h after exercise,the passive position sense of the CON group was significantly lower than that of CWT group(P<0.01);3.At 24 h,48 h,36 h and 72 h after exercise,the muscle force sense of the CON group was significantly lower than that of CWT group(P<0.01);4.At 24 h and 48 h after exercise,the joint reaction angle to release of the con group was significantly higher than that of CWT group(P<0.01);Conclusion:The contrast water therapy designed in this study can effectively alleviate the muscle force sense drop caused by muscle eccentric in plyometric exercise,and promote the muscle proprioception(active,passive joint position sense,joint reaction angle to release).The mechanism of recovering joint proprioceptive sensation by contrast water therapy is related to promoting muscle strength recovery,analgesia,accelerating metabolite clearance and relieving central nervous system fatigue.