船舶储能系统设计关键技术综述

随着中国"碳达峰,碳中和"国家战略目标的明确提出,各行各业都已积极行动起来,纷纷制定符合各自行业发展的具体实施路径;尤其是随着电化学储能原材料成本的大幅下降和制造工艺的逐步成熟,业界专家普遍认为化学储能技术将在"十四五"期间迎来快速发展的窗口期,不仅在平拟其他新能源出力波动、保持大电网供电稳定、削峰填谷和提高电力传输效率等方面有诸多利好,同时也减少碳排放,助力"碳达峰,碳中和"。通过对目前市场上应用比较成熟的电池储能技术分析对比,结合船舶运行维护的特殊环境和特殊工况,认为磷酸铁锂电池比较适合船舶应用,对磷酸铁锂电池在船舶上的应用进行分析,结合实际项目经验,列举船舶储能系统涉及的关键技术及设计要求,尤其是对电芯的选型、功率变换器的设计和系统控制策略与集装箱热管理等技术进行重点论述。结果表明,只要在系统集成设计时能充分考虑文章中所述的关键技术,一定能保证船舶储能系统的可靠运行。

With the clear proposal of China's national strategic goal of"carbon peak,carbon neutralization",various industries have taken active action and have formulated specific implementation paths in line with the development of their respective industries.In particular,with the sharp decline in the cost of raw materials for electrochemical energy storage and the gradual maturity of manufacturing technology,industry experts generally believe that chemical energy storage technology will usher in a window of rapid development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,it not only has many advantages in simulating the fluctuation of other new energy output,maintaining the stability of power supply in large power grid,cutting peak and filling valley,and improving power transmission efficiency,but also reduces carbon emissions and facilitate"carbon peak,carbon neutralization".Through the analysis and comparison of the battery energy storage technology which is more mature in the market at present,and combined with the special environment and special working conditions of ship operation and maintenance,it is considered that lithium iron phosphate battery is more suitable for ship application.The application of lithium iron phosphate battery in ships is analyzed.Based on the actual project experience,the key technologies and design requirements involved in the ship energy storage system are listed,especially the selection of batteries.The design of power converter and system control strategy,container thermal management and other technologies are discussed in detail.The results show that as long as the key technologies described in this paper are fully considered in the system integration design,the reliable operation of the ship energy storage system can be ensured.