金属有机框架(MOF)材料及其在新型缓控释肥料中的应用

Advances in metal organic frameworks(MOF)and its application as a new type of slow/controlled release fertilizer

缓控释肥料养分的释放因能更好地与作物需求相匹配而使得养分利用率高,是提升养分利用率的重要手段之一,而金属有机框架(metal organic frameworks,MOF)为新型缓控释肥料的研发提供了新的思路。MOF是一种基于分子设计的新型团簇功能多孔化合物,具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、构型多样及结构可调控等优点,在化学、材料、医学、生物传感等领域得到广泛应用,现在也开始应用于农业。本文根据MOF的组成结构、功能特点和合成方法,探讨了MOF应用于新型缓控释肥料的特点和进展,进而阐述了MOF类新型缓控释肥料未来的发展方向,可根据作物对养分的需求从分子层面定向设计引入特定营养元素,为缓控释肥料的研制提供新的技术支撑。

Slow/controlled release fertilizer can enhance the nutrient use efficiency,which is an important technology to increase nutrient utilization rate,and metal organic frameworks(MOF)provided an alternative option for the development of slow/controlled release fertilizer.MOF,comprised of organic ligands and metal ions/metal clusters via coordinative bonds are highly porous,crystalline materials,and the tunable porosity,chemical composition,size and shape,and easy surface functionalization make this large family more and more popular.There has been a growing interest over the last decades in the design of en‐gineered MOF with controlled sizes for a variety of applications in the fields of chemistry,materials science,medicine,biosensor etc.,but MOF’s application in agricultural science is in initial stage.MOF composition and structure as well as the synthesis approaches were elucidated,and the applications in main fields includ‐ing in agricultural science were summarized,in particular,the potentials in the application as a new type of slow/controlled release fertilizer was addressed;then challenges in MOF development for slow/controlled release fertilizer were discussed.Multi-nutrient elements could be combined in MOF by directional design in molecular level according to the nutrient demand of crops,which provided new technical support for the development of slow/controlled release fertilizer.