中学生希望与智能手机成瘾关系的纵向追踪调查

Longitudinal Tracking Investigation of the Relationship between Hope and Smartphone Addiction among Middle School Students——Exploring Its Cause and Effect

本研究主要基于“失补偿假说”和资源保存理论,考察中学生希望与智能手机成瘾的发展变化及相互关系。采用希望量表和智能手机成瘾量表对373名中学生进行为期17个月的两阶段纵向追踪调查。结果发现:(1)方差分析表明,中学生希望和智能手机成瘾的时间主效应均显著,具体表现为中学生前测希望高于后测希望;而前测智能手机成瘾程度却低于后测智能手机成瘾;(2)相关分析显示,中学生希望与智能手机成瘾之间呈显著负相关;(3)交叉滞后分析表明,前测希望能显著负向预测后测智能手机成瘾,前测智能手机成瘾也能显著负向预测后测希望。本研究认为,中学生希望和智能手机成瘾在一段时期内均存在发展变化,且两变量之间可以相互预测,互为因果。智能手机成瘾会加速中学生希望这一心理资源流失现象,学校和家长应注意提高中学生的希望水平,以便降低智能手机成瘾风险。

Mainly based on"Psychological Decompensation Hypothesis"and Conservation of Resources Theory,this study investigated the development and change of middle school students'hope and smartphone addiction and their mutual prediction relationship.Hope Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to conduct a 17-month two-stage longitudinal follow-up survey on 373 middle school students.The results showed that:(1)The analysis of variance showed that the main effects of time about hope and smartphone addiction were both significant for middle school students.the specific performance was that the pre-test hope was higher than the post-test one;while the pre-test smartphone addiction level was lower than the post-test one;(2)Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between hope and smartphone addiction about middle school students;(3)Cross-lagged analysis showed that the hope of the pre-test can significantly predict smartphone addiction of the post-test.The smartphone addiction of the pre-test can also significantly predict the hope of post-testing.According to this study,Middle school students'hope and smartphone addiction both have developmental changes within a certain period of time.Hope and smartphone addiction can be mutually predictable and interact as both cause and effect.The results not only found that smartphone addiction will accelerate the loss of the psychological resource of hope for middle school students,but also help middle school students to give full play to the positive role of hope and reduce the risk of smartphone addiction.