欧洲ACEA及Daimler乘用车发动机油规格综述

Overview of European ACEA and Daimler’s Passenger Cars Engine Oils Specifications

目前世界上乘用车发动机油的规格主要有北美的API规格,欧洲的ACEA规格及国际标准化与认证委员会的ILSAC规格等。与北美汽油乘用车不同,欧洲乘用车中有大量的柴油车,排量小,输出功率大,行驶速度快(欧洲高速路的速度限值较美国更高),导致发动机转速和工作温度高,油温高、活塞高温沉积物增多,缸套及阀系磨损问题突出,因此对发动机油的质量要求比API规格更加苛刻,这就是欧洲建立自己乘用车发动机油ACEA规格的原因。2021年5月,欧洲发布了最新的ACEA规格,并于2022年5月实施。Daimler在ACEA规格的基础之上,根据自身发动机的设计特点又进一步对乘用车发动机油提出了更高的技术要求,更加关注乘用车发动机油的剪切安定性,高温高剪切黏度,高温沉积物控制,抗氧化和蒸发损失等性能,制定了自己的乘用车发动机油规格(OEM规格)。我国乘用车发动机油主要采用API规格,但应积极参与OEM规格的认证,提高国产乘用车发动机油的市场竞争能力。

At present,the specifications of passenger cars engine oils in the world mainly included API specification in North America,ACEA specification in Europe and ILSAC specification of International Standardization and Certification Committee.Different from gasoline passenger cars in North America,there were a large number of Diesel cars in European passenger cars,small displacement,large output power and fast driving speed(the speed limit of European expressway was higher than that of the United States).There were resulted growing problems with high engine speed and high operating temperature,high oil temperature,the increase of piston high-temperature deposits,and prominent wear problems of cylinder liner and valve system.Therefore,the quality requirements of engine oils were more stringent than API specification,which was the reason why Europe had established its own ACEA specification of passenger cars engine oils.In May 2021,the latest ACEA specification was released in Europe and implemented in May 2022.On the basis of ACEA specification,higher technical requirements for passenger cars engine oils was put forward by Daimler furtherly according to its own engine design characteristics.The shear stability,high temperature and high shear viscosity,high temperature sediment control,oxidation resistance and evaporation loss of passenger cars engine oils were paid more attention and its own passenger cars engine oils specification(OEM specification)was formulated.API specification was mainly adopted in China,s passenger cars engine oils,but we should actively participate in the certification of OEM specification to improve the market competitiveness of domestic passenger cars engine oils.