哈罗德·布鲁姆文学经典观探赜

Interpretation of Harold Bloom's View on Literary Canon

哈罗德·布鲁姆以《西方正典》开启捍卫和重构文学经典的征程。借助艾布拉姆斯的文学批评四要素(作品、作家、读者和世界)框架,可以清晰窥得布鲁姆文学经典观要义:经典作品需兼具民族性、陌生性和审美性;超越前人影响,进行创造性误读方可成就伟大作家;经典传承有赖于精英文学向大众化阅读转向;伟大作家的经典作品经由读者大众与现实世界贯通,构建了布鲁姆的经典世界。布鲁姆虽未刻意考量社会因素,却在文学实践中参与着经典世界的重构与历史文化传承,成为英语文学界时代文学发展的重要推动力量。

Harold Bloom's research of literary classics can be traced back to The Western Canon.With the framework of the four-elements(work,artist,audience and universe)by M.H.Abrams,it is seen that the essence of Bloom's literary canon:works should be provided with the features of nationality,strangeness and aesthetics;artist must transcend the influence of predecessors by antithetical criticism and creative mis-reading;audience read the elite literature in a popular way;the classic works of great writers are connected with the real world through the mass of readers,on which Bloom's classic world is built.Seemingly Bloom did not deliberately consider the factor of universe,but his participating in the reconstruction of the classic world and the inheritance of culture has become an important driving force for the development of litera-ture in the English literary world.