有为政府与有效市场:理解校外培训治理的国家行动逻辑

An Interpretation of the National Action Logic of Governance on After-school Training

“双减”是近期教育治理的焦点议题,校外培训机构治理则是“双减”的重要内容。在国家仍是政治代表和家国责任的前提下,人民需要政府“有为”,治理无序的校外培训市场。有为政府的指引下重构的有效市场侧重于供给侧改革,具有以下特征第一,坚持教育的公益性导向,重构的校外培训或服务的市场是公益而不是逐利的市场;第二,探索教育市场服务单位从家庭到学校的转变,通过学校购买服务,以学校为桥梁组织再分配教育资源则有助于缓解现有竞争压力,保障基础教育优质均衡发展;第三,分类分阶段参与供给,改变现有校外培训市场以面向家庭的学科类培训一家独大的局面,鼓励学科类校外培训机构转型发展,大力培育家长学校、素质教育以及面向学校的课后托管类校外培训市场,鼓励学科类校外培训机构朝后基础教育阶段转型发展,大力发展职业教育和终身教育的培训市场。在政府的指导和指引下,校外培训最终形成一个细分领域、细分对象、细分阶段、准入有序的培训市场,以满足人民群众日益增长的对优质教育的需求。

“double reduction”is the hot issue of recent educational governance,and the policy mainly targets to after-school training institutions.On the premise that the state is still the political representative and shoulders the responsibility for both the country and its citizens,the people need an enabling government to regulate the disordered after-school training market.An effective market thus reconstructed under the guidance of the enabling government focuses on supply side reform,and bear the following principles:first,non-profit nature we should stick to,that is,the new market should never just pursue profit;second,a transformation of education service units from families to schools we should explore,that is,a redistribution of educational resources through purchasing services through schools(bridges)we should carry out,to alleviate the competitive pressure and ensure the high-quality and balanced development of basic education;third,a participation in the supply by classification and stages we should adopt,to change the situation of the existing market’s being dominated by family oriented discipline training,and encourage the transformation of these training institutions towards the later stage of basic education,and vigorously cultivate parent schools,quality education,after-school trusteeship,vocational education and lifelong education.Under the guidance of the government,after-school training will eventually form a market with subdivided fields,subdivided objects,subdivided stages and orderly access,so as to meet the people’s growing demand for high-quality education.