基于占域模型的中国珲春地区人虎冲突特征分析

Analysis of human-tiger conflict pattern based on the occupancy model in Hunchun, China

人虎冲突是全球野生虎(Panthera tigris)保护和种群恢复工作迫切需要解决的问题,而人虎冲突的分布特征是开展冲突管理的重要科学依据。珲春地区是东北虎(P. t. altaica)从俄罗斯向中国扩散的重要廊道,随着东北虎种群数量的逐步增加,该地区的人虎冲突特征亟需开展研究。本文以2016―2020年珲春地区的人虎冲突事件为基础,基于占域模型分析获得人虎冲突发生位点的特征,探究了坡向、海拔、距猎物距离等12个因素对人虎冲突的影响。结果显示,259起人虎冲突均为虎捕食家畜事件,其中东北虎捕食牛的事件约占90%,且主要发生在每年的5—7月。从特征来看,坡向(∑w_(i)=0.44)、猎物分布(∑w_(i)=0.28)、海拔(∑w_(i)=0.18)和距针阔混交林的距离(∑w_(i)=0.13)对人虎冲突的发生具有较大的影响。人虎冲突在中海拔的阴坡、针阔混交林和猎物活动频繁的区域占域率更高。未来珲春地区应从加强放牧管理、划分不同等级的人虎冲突管理范围和提高社区居民的保护意识等方面来缓解人虎冲突的发生。

Human-tiger conflict(HTC) is an urgent global issue for the conservation and population restoration of tigers(Panthera tigris). Understanding the associated factors related to human-tiger conflict is an important reference of HTC management. Hunchun is an important region for Amur tiger(P. t. altaica) population exchanging between China and Russia, and w;th the increase of tiger population, it is increasingly urgent to study the correlated factors of HTC in Hunchun. Based on the HTC cases from 2016 to 2020 in Hunchun, we used the occupancy model to analyze the effects of 12 factors related to HTC in the region, such as aspect, altitude, and distance to prey. The results showed that all 259 HTC were caused by tigers preying on livestock, approximately 90% of which are Amur tigers preying on cattle, and most of HTC occurred from May to July every year. The main important factors on HTC were aspect(∑w_(i)= 0.44),prey distribution(∑w_(i)= 0.28), altitude(∑w_(i)= 0.18), and distance to the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest(∑w_(i)= 0.13). Human-tiger conflict is more likely to occur on shady slopes, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, and areas with frequent prey activities. Therefore, to mitigate the HTC in the region,we recommend strengthening management of grazing in the forest, mapping the different regions of management strategy for HTC, and increasing the conservation awareness of local communities.