我国社区矫正风险评估机制的困境与完善——基于美国明尼苏达州社区矫正风险评估机制的比较分析

Dilemma and Perfection of Community Corrective Risk Assessment Mecha⁃nism in China:Based on Comparative Analysis of Community Corrective Risk Assessment Mechanism in Minnesota

我国社区矫正风险评估审前调查评估工作权责与步骤尚需明晰,风险评估方法和标准尚需明确。而美国明尼苏达州社区矫正风险评估的实践遵循循证社区矫正的工作理念,形成了以借助工具的精算评估为主,临床诊断评估为辅的工作方法,风险评估与矫正措施的关联性不断加强,个人评估与社区评估相互结合。但我国与美国明尼苏达州相较,风险评估的类别和目的不同、风险评估工作的发展阶段不同。完善我国社区矫正风险评估工作,需坚持循证矫正的工作理念,实现审前调查评估与分类处遇评估有机结合,重视评估工具研发的同时,不可忽视临床诊断式评估方法的运用,并研发适合我国情况的评估工具。

The risk assessment methods and standards and responsibilities of pretrial investigation and evalua⁃tion in community corrective risk assessment in China still need to be clear.While,the practice of risk assess⁃ment of community correction in Minnesota follows the working concept of evidence-based community correc⁃tion,forming a working method based on actuarial assessment with tools and supplemented by clinical diagnos⁃tic assessment.The correlation between risk assessment and corrective measures is continuously strengthened,and personal assessment and community assessment are combined with each other.However,compared with Minnesota,there are different categories and purposes of risk assessment and different development stages of risk assessment in China.To perfect the risk assessment of community correction in China,one should adhere to the working concept of evidence-based correction,realize the combination of pretrial investigation and eval⁃uation and classification evaluation,and attach importance to the development of evaluation tools.Meanwhile,one should not neglect the application of clinical diagnostic evaluation methods,and develop an assessment tool suitable for the national conditions in China.