长江干流岸线缓冲带生态构建方案研究-以长江江阴段为例

Research on ecological construction scheme of the shoreline buffer zone of the mainstream of the Yangtze River:take the Jiangyin Section of the Yangtze River as an example

河流生态缓冲带指河流与陆地之间一定区域内的立体植被带。缓冲带生态构建是驻点跟踪研究推进长江经济带水生态环境改善的重要措施之一,对长江生态保护修复具有重要意义。基于土地利用遥感分析,得出长江干流江阴岸线缓冲带主要存在岸线开发强度高、水质难以稳定达标、生境破碎化严重、生物多样性较低等生态环境问题。针对上述问题,提出缓冲带分区分类生态构建方案:自然生境保护段以生态保护为主,可作为缓冲带生态构建的参照状态;生境生态修复段以块石抛岸带和废弃码头带为例,营造生境条件,恢复以芦苇为建群种的水生植物群落,起到截留污染和恢复生态景观的效果;城镇生境维持段因地制宜,采用生态沟塘、下凹式绿地等措施进行污染物的截留和净化。方案可为长江下游干流岸线缓冲带生态规划与建设提供参考和借鉴。同时研究表明,2006年起江阴市人均GDP超过10000美元,即超过环境库兹涅茨曲线倒U形的拐点,江阴市于2012年率先启动沿江产业结构调整以及江阴岸线缓冲带生态建设,该过程符合环境库兹涅茨曲线。

River ecological buffer zone refers to the three-dimensional vegetation zone in a certain area between the river and the land.The ecological buffer construction,proposed by the stationing and tracking research,is one of the important measures to promote the improvement of water ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone and is of great significance to the ecological protection and restoration of the Yangtze River.Based on remote sensing analysis of the main land use in the buffer of Jiangyin shoreline of the Yangtze River mainstream,it was concluded that there were mainly eco-environmental problems such as high intensity of shoreline development,difficulty in achieving water quality standards stably,serious habitat fragmentation and low biodiversity.In view of the above problems,a zoning and classification ecological construction plan was proposed for the buffer:the natural habitat protection section was based on ecological protection,which could be used as a reference state;the habitat ecological restoration section took the block throwing shoreline and the abandoned dock as examples to create habitat conditions and restore the aquatic plant community with reed as the building block species,which could detain pollution and restore the ecological landscape;the urban habitat maintenance section adopted measures such as ecological ditches and depressed green areas to retain and purify pollutants according to local conditions.The scheme could provide a reference for the ecological planning and construction of shoreline buffer zones in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The study also showed that the per capita GDP of Jiangyin City exceeded US$10,000 since 2006,which meant that the inflection point of the inverted U-shape of the environmental Kuznets curve had been exceeded.Therefore,Jiangyin City had taken the lead in initiating industrial restructuring along the river and starting the ecological construction of the shoreline buffer zone along the mainstream of the Yangtze River since 2012,and the endogenous demand for the ecological construction of the Jiangyin shoreline buffer zone was consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve.