城市群视角下云南义务教育师资空间格局特征研究

Characteristics of the Spatial Pattern of the Teachers of Compulsory Education in Yunnan in the Perspective of Urban Agglomeration

城市群发展的不同阶段,义务教育师资呈现出不同的空间分布特征。从城市群视角研究义务教育师资的空间格局特征,能不断优化义务教育师资配置,对促进区域义务教育师资均衡和协调发展发挥重要作用。文章以具有“山区、边疆、民族”特点的云南为例,应用空间自相关分析方法,研究2015~2019年义务教育师资空间格局特征。研究表明:(1)和京津冀城市群相比,长三角城市群、成渝城市群和云南义务教育师资力量都十分薄弱。云南与东部城市群之间义务教育师资区域差距大、配置不均衡。(2)云南义务教育师资质量不高,教师学历结构不均衡,职称比例呈现“中间大,两头小”的特点。(3)义务教育师资无论是数量还是质量方面,空间结构分布特征都很显著,并且存在明显的空间相关性。师资数量上呈现点-轴空间结构特征,质量上呈现圈层空间结构特征,师资冷热点空间分布具有一定的规律性。(4)滇东北城市群义务教育师资力量最薄弱,师资数量最匮乏,师资质量也是所有城市群中最差的。(5)滇中城市群师资数量方面的区域溢出效应不明显,但师资质量已在昆明市形成增长极,对滇西北和西双版纳州影响巨大,同时向滇西南城镇群辐射和扩散,形成滇中城市群和滇西南师资质量一体化发展的新局面。

The teachers of compulsory education show different characteristics of spatial distribution at different stages of the development of urban agglomeration.To study the characteristics of the spatial pattern of teachers of compulsory education from the perspective of urban agglomeration is conducive to optimizing the allocation of teachers of compulsory education,and to promoting the balanced and coordinated development of the local teachers of compulsory education.This paper takes Yunnan province as the research objective,which is characterized by“mountainous areas,border areas and ethnic groups”,and adopts the analysis method of spatial autocorrelation to study the characteristics of the spatial pattern of the teachers of compulsory education in China from 2015 to 2019.The results are as follows:1.Compared with those of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,the teachers of compulsory education in the urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Delta,Chengdu-Chongqing and Yunnan province are all very weak.There is a big regional gap between the urban agglomeration of Yunnan and the eastern urban agglomeration as well as an unreasonable allocation in Yunnan province.2.The quality of teachers of compulsory education in Yunnan is not high,and the structure of teachers’academic qualifications is not reasonable with the majority at the middle level.3.In terms of the quantity and quality of the teachers of compulsory education,the distribution characteristics of the spatial pattern are obvious,and there is an obvious spatial correlation too,with the quantity of teachers having the spatial point-axis characteristics and the quality of teachers having hierarchically spatial characteristics as well as a certain regularity in the relevant hot spots and cold spots.4.The quantity and quality of the teachers of compulsory education in the northeast urban agglomeration of Yunnan are the worst among all urban agglomerations in this province.5.The regional spillover effect is not obvious in the quantity of teachers in the urban agglomeration of central Yunnan,but the quality of teachers in Kunming has become a growth pole.Kunming City has a great impact on Xishuangbanna in northwest Yunnan as well as on the urban agglomeration in southwest Yunnan,resulting in a new integrated development pattern in terms of the quality of teachers both in the urban agglomeration of central Yunnan and in the urban agglomeration of southwest Yunnan.